Solved by a verified expert:1. The branch-like fibers extending in clusters from the neuron’s cell body are called __________.A) axonsB) terminal buttonsC) glial fibersD) dendrites
2. Electrical wires are generally protected by a coating of plastic. A similar insulating function is performed in the nervous system by:A) myelinB) glial cellsC) terminal buttonsD) somas
3. Within neurons the communication is _____; Between neurons the communication is _____.A) chemical; electricalB) mechanical; electricalC) electrical; mechanicalD) electrical; chemical
4. You cannot fire a gun softly, or flush a toilet halfway. Like an action potential, gunfire and a toilet’s flush follow the __________ law.A) this-or-thatB) is-or-ain’tC) all-or-noneD) binary response
5. The chemicals that relay signals across the synapses between neurons are called _________.A) neurosignalsB) neurotransmittersC) synaptic messengersD) action potentials
6. Yves has been drinking. He has difficulty walking a straight line when asked to do so by a police officer. Apparently, Yves’ _________ is functioning poorly.A) cerebellumB) thalamusC) medullaD) corpus callosum
7. Which of the following brain structures, located behind the brain stem, governs memory and emotion?A) cerebellumB) thalamusC) limbic systemD) medulla
8. Darnell underwent surgery to control his severe epilepsy. Now, however, Darnell cannot form new memories of his experiences, although he does remember events in the past. Most likely, the surgery destroyed a portion of the ______ in Darnell’s brain.A) amygdalaB) corpus callosumC) hypothalamusD) hippocampus
9. A monkey makes an involuntary gesture when a portion of its brain is electrically stimulated. The area of the brain that was most likely stimulated is the:A) motor cortexB) sensory cortexC) amygdalaD) occipital lobe
10. The “new brain” is the:A) hindbrainB) limbic systemC) cerebral cortexD) cerebellum
11. Automatic, involuntary responses to stimuli are termed __________.A) action potentialsB) conditioned responsesC) instinctsD) reflexes
12. The central nervous system consists of _____________. The peripheral nervous system comprises _____________.A) the brain and the spinal cord; the somatic and autonomic nervous systemsB) the somatic and autonomic nervous systems; the brain and the spinal cordC) the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems; the somatic and autonomic nervous systemsD) the somatic and autonomic nervous systems; the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
13. Izzy’s pupils are dilated and her heart is pounding; her breathing is shallow and rapid. Her _________ nervous system is active.A) parasympatheticB) sympatheticC) autosympatheticD) somatic
14. Anna is reading her psychology text. The activation of receptors in her retina is called ________; her interpretation of the stimuli as particular words is termed _______.A) perception; transductionB) sensation; transductionC) sensation; perceptionD) transduction; perception
15. The purpose of signal detection analysis is to:A) identify the psychological effects of physical stimulationB) determine a perceiver’s ability to distinguish true signals from background stimulationC) investigate an observer’s subliminal perceptionsD) determine a perceiver’s cognitions
16. Which of the following is the function of the cornea?A) It reflects light away from the retinaB) It regulates the amount of light entering the eyeC) It contains the photoreceptor cellsD) It protects the eye
17. Which of the following describes the tympanic membrane?A) The membrane at the end of the earB) The external, visible part of the earC) The fluid-filled structure in the inner earD) The ear drum
18. Proprioception refers to:A) our ability to sense the positions of our body partsB) our sense of smellC) our sensation of pressure and temperatureD) our experience of pain
19. Which neurotransmitter acts as the brain’s natural pain killer?A) dopamineB) serotoninC) glutamateD) endorphins
20. The ability to focus on some sensory inputs while tuning out others is termed _________ attention.A) specificB) selectiveC) targetedD) adaptive
1. Describe three methods that psychologists use to study the brain. Identify one potential advantage or disadvantage of each method that you describe.
2. Describe and distinguish between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. For each division, provide a real life example of a situation in which the division would become active.
3. Define (a) an absolute threshold and (b) a difference threshold and provide an original example from your own experience for each one (a) and (b).
4. Playing a piano is a complicated skill that involves every major aspect of behavior and cognition. To be proficient, pianists must have honed their fine motor skills. In addition, many aspects of thinking come into play. Please answer BOTH of the following parts (a AND b). a. Identify and name one lower-level brain structure. Describe its function and specifically how it is involved in musical performance.b. Identify and name one upper-level brain structure. Describe its function and specifically how it is involved in musical performance.
5. Dancers can perform seemingly meaningless movements which, when viewed from above, are transformed into intricate patterns and designs. Furthermore, the formations of marching bands often create pictures and spell words. Identify and describe at least three Gestalt principles of grouping. How do they explain the audience’s perception of the images created by these types of formations?
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