Your mid-term exam is attached as a file. It consists of 11 essay questions. Please create a word document and answer each question fully. Please use single spaced size 12 times new roman font. Number your responses in correlation to the question you are answering. You only need to review your book and the appropriate chapters to answer each question. You may use the power point presentations or any notes you took in class to aid in your answer. Each response needs to be a complete thought and in your own words. Plagiarism of any kind will earn you a failing grade for this exam. Pay close attention to each question. Several of them have multiple parts. A complete answer will address each part of the question fully. An example of a fully formed response to an essay question is below. Short and incomplete answers will earn you a poor grade on that specific response. EXAMPLE: Chenoa needs to complete her senior thesis by doing a psychological experiment. She decides to study the impact of violent videos games on aggression. First, give an example of a hypothesis she might have. Second, identify her independent and dependent variables and explain why each one fits the label given. Third, identify what she could use as a control group and an experimental group. Fourth, give examples of how she could operationalize both her independent and dependent variables. Be sure to operationalize both the control and the experimental group as well. Finally, explain what advantage she has in the conclusions she can draw because she used an experiment as opposed to another kind of design.
Ans: A hypothesis is a statement that allows a prediction to be tested. An example of a hypothesis that she could test might be, I predict that violent video games will increase aggression. Another example of a hypothesis she could test might be, I predict that violent video games will not increase aggression. Her independent variable here is violent video games. This is the independent variable because it is the variable that is the predictor in this hypothesis. Her dependent variable here is aggression. This is her dependent variable because it is the outcome and the variable that Chenoa is measuring. Her control group could play a non-violent video game and her experimental group could play a violent video game. An operational definition is a specification of how a variable is to be manipulated or measured. Chenoa needs to operationalize both her independent and dependent variables. There is no one correct answer here because there are multiple ways she could operationalize these variables. She could operationalize her experimental group of her independent variable (violent video games) as, 2 hours of playing Fortnite. She could operationalize her control group of her independent variable (non-violent video game) as, 2 hours of playing Tetris. Her dependent variable, aggression, could be operationalized as the number of times the participant uses retaliation instead of cooperation in a subsequent game with another participant. Finally, it is important to note that Chenoa is able to discuss cause and effect in this type of study because she used an experimental design instead of a correlational design. The random assignment that she will use to assign participants to groups allows her to remove potential confounding variables.