Solved by a verified expert:Question 1 (5 points)1 The study of the interactions of living organisms with their environment is called what?Question 1 options: ecologyethologytaxonomyevolutionSave Question 2 (5 points)2 The Karner blue butterfly lays its eggs on wild lupine plants. When the larvae hatch, theyfeed exclusively on the wild lupine. A study of this interaction occurs at what level ofecology?Question 2 options: population ecologyecosystem ecologycommunity ecologybiosphere ecologySave Question 3 (5 points)3 Designating a species a K-selected species means that the species likely exhibits which setof characteristics?Question 3 options: long gestation, small birth number, large offspring, late maturationshort gestation, large birth number, small offspring, early maturationlays eggs instead of giving live birth, has short life span, type II survivorship curvelive birth, short life span, either type I or type II survivorship curve Question 4 (5 points)4 Aphids and ants often have a close relationship as shown in this photo.The greenish insectsare aphids.They are sluggish, soft-bodied insects that use piercing mouthparts to obtain sap(phloem) from plant hosts.To get the proteins they need, aphids must process a lot of sugarysap. They excrete a sweet fluid called honeydew as waste. Agile, quick ants swarm over theaphid colony, drinking the honeydew. Ants often protect their aphid “herds” from predatorsand may provide other services; for example they may move the flightless aphids from plantto plant. Plants often suffer reduced survival and growth when infested with aphids,particularly when aphids carry viral or bacterial diseases to their hosts. By rowe_becky(flickr)(Myrmica ruginodis and aphids CC BY 2.0)What is the relationship between aphid and the plant?Question 4 options: Mutualism Predation Competition CommensalismSave Question 5 (5 points)5 The sage plant (Salvia leucophylla) secrets a chemical that inhibits the growth of other sageplants nearby. Considering this, what is the most likely pattern of dispersion one would findin the plant’s natural habitat?Question 5 options: random uniform clumped linearSave Question 6 (5 points)6 What can one infer from a relatively linear survivorship curve, and what organism generallyexhibits this kind of survivorship curve?Question 6 options: the mortality rate is roughly uniform across the lifespan of this organismthe mortality rate is higher for older members of this populationthe mortality rate is higher for younger members of this populationSave Question 7 (5 points)7 Choose the best definition of biosphere.Question 7 options: all of the ecosystems on the planetall of the communities in an ecosystemall of the ecosystems in a biomeall of the populations in a communitySaveQuestion 8 (5 points)8 What are the two primary parameters used to describe a population within a given habitat ata given point in time?Question 8 options: population range and life expectancypopulation size and densitypopulation birth and death ratespopulation growth and reproduction ratesSaveQuestion 9 (5 points)9 The principle that states that two different species cannot occupy the same niche in a givenhabitat is called what?Question 9 options: Pauli exclusion competitive exclusion mutual exclusion intraspecific competitionSave Question 10 (5 points)10 Which of the following statements about the carbon cycle is TRUE?Question 10 options: Excess carbon that enter these ecosystems from fertilizer runoff and from sewage doescause excessive algae growthPhotosynthesis is an important metabolic process that moves carbon from the atmosphereinto living organisms in the carbon cyclePhotosynthesis is an important metabolic process that moves carbon from living organismsinto the atmosphere in the carbon cycleCellular respiration is an important metabolic process that moves carbon from theatmosphere into living organisms in the carbon cycleSave Question 11 (5 points)11 What is the key difference between a foundation species and a keystone species in a givenecosystem?Question 11 options: A foundation species exerts the most influence on maintaining biodiversity while akeystone species is most abundant.A foundation species is usually the most abundant, and a keystone species exerts the mostinfluence on maintaining biodiversity.There is no difference—the terms are used interchangeably.A foundation species is the least abundant, and a keystone species is the most abundant.Save Question 12 (5 points)12 Limited resources is affecting population growth in a habitat. What type of modeling doesbest represent this scenario?Question 12 options: logistic modeling exponential modeling linear modeling climate modelingSave Question 13 (5 points)13 Plants require nitrogen for life, but only certain forms of soil nitrogen are accessible to mostplants. Which forms are directly useful to plants, and from where do these come?Question 13 options: NH4+ and NO3- from ammonification to form ammonium cations and nitrification to formnitrate anions N2 and organic nitrogen (nitrogen bound to carbon-based molecules) from denitrification toform molecular nitrogen and biosynthesis to form organic nitrogen NO2- from nitrification to form nitrite anions Nitrogen containing proteins released from dead organisms by decomposersSave Question 14 (5 points)14 Which of the following correctly identifies an abiotic factor influencing the distribution ofbiomes?Question 14 options: the amount and type of bacteria present in a given patch of soilthe total number of plant-eating insects in a given spaceelevation of a land mass above sea level*the total number of species in a given areaSaveQuestion 15 (5 points)15 After a disturbance such as a wildfire, an ecosystem will undergo changes until it reaches astate of equilibrium similar to its pre-disturbance state. The ecosystem is said to havereached what?Question 15 options: primary successionmutualismclimax communitysecondary succession Question 16 (5 points)16 What is an ecosystem?Question 16 options: An ecosystem is the physical features of various parts of the globe that support life.An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their interactions with theirabiotic environment.An ecosystem is the biological component of any given zone or region of the planet’ssurface.An ecosystem is all the communities within a specific area.Save Question 17 (5 points)17 Consider the following food chain: A barn owl eats a shrew. This shrew has eaten a grasshopper.The grasshopper has eaten the leaves of a clover plant and a maple tree. What organisms are onthe first trophic level?Question 17 options: The barn owl The shrew The grasshopper The barn owl, the shrew and the grasshopper The clover plant and maple tree Question 18 (5 points)18 Which of the following is NOT a result of global warming?Question 18 options: Changes in the breeding seasons of some species. Decreasing sea levels. Melting permafrost. Shifts in the geographical range of some species.Save Question 19 (5 points)19 What does the majority of climate scientists believe is the cause of the current change inclimate on earth?Question 19 options: an enhancement of the greenhouse effect our decreased reliance on fossil fuels for energy a thinning of the ozone layer melting of the polar ice caps an increase in solar radiationSave Question 20 (5 points)20 What is one way in which energy flow differs from chemical cycling?Question 20 options: Energy flow is unidirectional; chemical elements can be recycled. Energy can enter but cannot leave an ecosystem; chemical elements can leave but cannot enter anecosystem. Energy flows from lower to higher trophic levels; chemicals cycle from higher to lower trophiclevels. Energy can both enter and leave an ecosystem; chemical elements always remain within a singleecosystem.Save
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