Detail :Due This Week:Search the University Library for at least four sources related to your Week 7 Final Paper.Write an annotated bibliography of the sources you found following the example in the course Shared Files. Include the following information for each of the citations: The correct reference for the source using the writing style handbook guidelinesA brief description of the source, such as journal article, research study, or reportA short summary of the primary points or arguments in the source (about three sentences)A discussion of how this source relates to your current ideas for your final paper. Note whether and how this source changed your mind, or confirmed your initial opinions.Formatting:Format your paper using the attached homework template.You can easily create correct references and citations.
four_day_workweek__1_.docx
assignmenttemplate.docx
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Running head: FOUR-DAY WORKWEEK
Four-Day Workweek
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FOUR-DAY WORKWEEK
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Four-Day Workweek
The usual workweek of five days per week is proving to be hard for employees as well as
employers. The reason is because most employees get tired during the week before the five days
are over. In addition, the 5-day workweek has many consequences such as the probability of
being caught up in traffic, decreased morale because of long working days among others. In light
of these, it has become important for employers to consider putting into effect a four-day work
weeks because of the many advantages that it has over five-day work week. The advantages will
be discussed below.
Productivity does not always depend on the number of hours that employees work. This
is because even though an organization can require its employees to work for more hours per
week, it will not directly translate to high productivity. Burnout and fatigue come in as the week
advances, and therefore employees need to be given enough rest to maximize their output. In
addition, they require more rest time as they do the same thing continuously, resulting in
boredom (Calvasina, & Boxx, 1975). To avoid boredom, the management of the organizations
should give employees time between working days as well as reducing the days they work per
week.
Talented female workers can be retained by implementing a four-day work week. An
organization that requires its employees to work for long hours may discourage workers
especially women as they need to get children. However, implementing fewer working days per
week and more flexible timeframes for working will enable the women who are child-bearing
age to prefer the organization as they have more time to take care of their families. Most of the
times, working mothers negotiate for four-week work days and therefore implementing that in
FOUR-DAY WORKWEEK
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organizations will enable the organization to attract the best talents in women (Martin, 1981).
Female employees would be much happier to work in an organization rather than quit altogether
to take care of their children.
Four-day workweeks enable employees to pursue leisure activities as well as giving them
more time to do their own activities. The most beneficial are family togetherness where one
spends time with their families in places that would not be possible if they spent most of their
time at work. Visiting places such as beaches and game parks can be done by these families on
an extra dayoff, therefore, making them rejuvenated to come back to work the next week
(Henderson, & Loveland, 1989). Also, the employees are able to provide care for their children
and the elderly instead of leaving them to the caregivers. This increases the bond between the
family members making them live a quality life.
Furthermore, the organizations benefit from four-day workweeks. The reduction in
overhead costs and enhanced commitment by all employees in the few days that they work
benefits the organization greatly. It has been established that decreasing the number of working
days and increasing the number of hours in a day increases productivity in an organization. For
example, if employees were working for eight hours per day for five days, then they should be
told to work for ten hours per day for four days (Fottler, 1977). This will not only make them
happy that they have saved the transportation costs for the fifth day but also make sure that the
40 hours they used to work in a week are maintained.
A four-day workweek has health benefits on the employees. Sitting for long hours per
day has effects on the health of employees as the body needs to be in movement to stimulate
metabolic processes. However, when one is sitting, he or she can suffer from obesity, which is a
FOUR-DAY WORKWEEK
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condition that can occur due to sitting for long periods of time. Also, for people that use
computers while working, they may have difficulties with their eyesight due to the light that
comes from the computers. If the light is not regulated from time to time, it may make the
individual have vision problems, which could be minimized by implementing a four-day work
week (Henderson, & Loveland, 1989). The extra day could be used to exercise the body and
therefore keeping the body healthy.
Time spent in traffic has proved to be a nuisance for both the employers and employees.
In a five-day workweek, the employees come from home late and go home early and therefore
are likely to be caught up in traffic. Most of the times, the employees report to work at 8am or
9am in a five-day work week, and this has a high possibility of them being caught up in traffic.
Also, in the evening, they get out of work at 4pm or 5pm, and this means that they may get
caught up in the rush hour traffic because many employees go home from work at the time
(Allen, & Hawes, 1979). However, in a four-day workweek, the employees get to work early and
go home late, therefore, saving time and fuel that could have been spent in traffic.
Four-day workweeks help in providing more time for employers and employees to run
other errands and appointments. The extra day off provides an opportunity to take care of
personal appointments, and perform additional activities as needed. Employees knowing that
they have a three-day weekend will make them work hard for the four days and arrange for other
activities in the other three days (Fottler, 1977). This helps them balance their lifestyles in a
convenient manner.
In conclusion, a four-day work week should be embraced because of the different
benefits that it brings to both the individuals and the organization. In implementing a four-day
FOUR-DAY WORKWEEK
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workweek, there is no change in the number of hours the employees have to work in each week
because the hours in a four-day work week will be more. What will improve is employee morale
and in most cases productivity. Therefore, a four-day workweek should be embraced by
employers and the government because of the many benefits it brings to organizations.
FOUR-DAY WORKWEEK
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References
Allen, R., & Hawes, D. (1979). Attitudes toward work, leisure and the four-day workweek.
Human Resource Management, 18(1), 5-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930180103
Calvasina, E., & Boxx, W. (1975). EFFICIENCY OF WORKERS ON THE FOUR-DAY
WORKWEEK. Academy of Management Journal, 18(3), 604-610.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/255689
Fottler, M. (1977). Employee Acceptance of a Four-Day Workweek. Academy of Management
Journal, 20(4), 656-668. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/255364
Henderson, K., & Loveland, N. (1989). Components of Positive Attitudes Toward the Four-Day
Workweek: Leisure Attitudes, Recreation Participation, and Personal Characteristics.
World Leisure & Recreation, 31(1), 22-24.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10261133.1989.10559053
Martin, L. (1981). A Modified Four-Day Workweek. Public Productivity Review, 5(3), 262.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3380297
Running head: TYPE A SHORT TITLE IN ALL CAPS HERE
Title of Your Paper
Your Name
School
Your Course Name
Your Course Number
Your Professor’s Name
Due Date
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PUT THE SAME SHORT TITLE IN ALL CAPS HERE
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Title of Paper Here–Not Bold or in All Caps
Click your cursor here and start to type. It automatically will type in Times New Roman,
12-point font, and double-space the text. The indent of one-half inch is set here, too. To start a
new paragraph, just hit the Return button once. It will keep the format going for you without
adding extra spaces between paragraphs.
For more information on formatting your paper, review the Writing Style Handbook,
pages 6-7, by clicking this link: For help using this template, click this link:
Level One Heading
If you have different sections in a paper and want to use headings, replace the Level One
Heading words above with the words for your heading. The heading must be centered, in bold
font, with uppercase and lowercase letters.
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If you have a heading that is a subtopic for the Level One Heading, replace the Level
Two Heading words above with the words for your heading. The heading must be flush left
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Level three heading. If you have a heading that is a subtopic for the Level Two
Heading, replace the Level three heading words above with the words for your heading. This
heading must be indented, in bold font, with only the first letter of the first word capitalized. A
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PUT THE SAME SHORT TITLE IN ALL CAPS HERE
Conclusion
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add new information. The References page follows on a new page.
To see a short, sample paper, click this link:
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PUT THE SAME SHORT TITLE IN ALL CAPS HERE
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References
References are placed in alphabetical order on the References page. Each reference must have at
least one corresponding in-text citation in the body of the paper, and each in-text citation
requires a complete reference on the References page,
To add a reference here, click your cursor at the beginning of this line and start to type. It
automatically will type in Times New Roman, 12-point font, and will double-space the
text. As you can see, the indent for the References page is different than it is for the body
text. This is called a hanging indent and it is set at one-half inch. To start a new reference,
just hit the Return button once. It will keep the format going for you without adding extra
spaces between references. Enjoy!
If you have a reference provided by Reference and Citation Generator, the Online Library, or
another APA resource, you may paste it here. To try to maintain this format, copy the
reference text, put your cursor at the start of the line where you want to add the reference,
right click on your mouse or trackball, and choose the option under “Paste” in your
software program that best matches this format. You may see differences so be sure to
check.
For more information on writing and formatting references, review the Writing Style Handbook,
pages 5-13, by clicking this link: To see a short, sample paper, click this link:
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