Based on the energy uses I have gathered from people and attached below, please write a 200 word paper explaining How the team’s combined energy usage contributes to the greenhouse effectThen do a 2-3 slide Powerpoint presentation on this as well. NO PLAGIARISM please and please write detailed speaker notes. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Cite any references that you use.
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1st person
Global Warming, CO2, and You
1. 12,000 miles per year divided by 17 miles per gallon equals 706 gallons of fuel yearly.
706 gallons of fuel per year times 9 kg of CO2 equals 6,354 kg of CO2 yearly.
2. 1,400 kilowatt-hours last month times 12 equals 16,800 kilowatt-hours yearly. 16,800
kilowatt-hours times 0.8 equals 13,440 kg/year from coal-fired plants. 13,400 kg/year divided by
5 people is a personal share of 2,688 kg/year.
3. 35 therms (one therm is 100,000 BTUs) a month times 12 months is 2,310 kg of CO2 yearly. I
account for about 20% of this overall total. The total CO2 of BTU attributable to me is 462
kg/year.
4. I do not use heating oil.
5. I do not use coal or wood.
6. I flew a total of 800 miles last year. 800 miles/year times 0.23 kg/mile equals 184 kg/year. 184
kg/year divided by 60 people is a personal total of 3.1 kg/year.
7. Adding up the numbers. 706+2,688+462+3.1=3,859 kg/year.
8. Adding indirect energy. 3,859 kg/year times 4 equals 15,436 kg/year
9. Convert to metric tons. 15,436 kg/year divided by 100 kg/metric ton equals 15.44 metric
ton/year.
A. My value is way over the estimated 1.3 metric tons that was estimated.
B. My total is under the estimated average each person in the US. The estimated average
is 20 metric tons, whereas mine was about 15.44 metric tons.
C. I am in the process of switching out all of the lighting in my home to LED bulbs. A 65
watt incandescent bulb was replaced with a 65 watt equivalent LED bulb that only uses 11 watts.
I could also wrap the water heater, get rid of the inefficient old refrigerator in the garage, and rise
the thermostat in the summer. I live in Las Vegas so you can understand the sacrifice of this last
one. Another big help to offset my global warming contribution would be to purchase a much
more fuel efficient vehicle. To go from 17 mpg to 50mpg would save about 1000 kg/year.
10. Sample controversy for group discussion and decision.
This article was very interesting to me. It dealt with the main problem of global warming,
communication. The author brings up the fact that most regular people do not understand the
science behind global warming. This lack of understanding is what is preventing action to
combat it. The main idea of the article can be summed up as, “More information…doesn’t help
skeptics discover the best evidence, Instead, it sends them searching for evidence that seems to
prove them right” (Geiling, 2014). The study that the article uses basically says that people tend
to filter information to support their personal beliefs, rather than to look at it objectively. Social
scientists are hoping to bridge this gap of lack of understanding.
Geiling, N. (2014). Why Doesn’t Anyone Know How to Talk about Global Warming? Retrieved
from http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/talking-about-climate-change-how-wevefailed-and-how-we-can-fix-it-180951070/
2nd person
1. Estimate the number of miles you drive per year and the average miles per
gallon your car gets.
45000 miles/year divided by 25.5 miles/gallon = 1764.71 gallons/year
Burning a gallon of gas produces 9 kilograms of CO2, so multiply the above
total gallons per year by 9 to get your total CO2 emissions from driving. (If
you carpool, you can divide by the average number of people in the car to
get your personal portion.)
1764.71 gallons/year multiplied by 9 kg/gallon = 15882.39 kg/year
2. Estimate the number of kilowatt-hours of electricity you used last year.
Multiply the number on your last monthly electric bill by 12 to get an
estimate for the year. If you don’t have an electric bill, use Table
P6.3 “Energy Requirements of Household Appliances” and add the values for
each appliance to find your annual energy consumption for electrical
appliances in kilowatt-hours per year. One kilowatt-hour of electricity
generated in a coal-fired power plant produces about 1 kg of CO2. Nuclear
energy is effectively free of CO2, but produces only 20% of the nation’s
electricity. Assume that 80% of your electricity comes from a coal-fired
power plant.
5643.6 kilowatt-hours/year multiplied by 0.8 = 4514.88 kg/year
3. If you use natural gas as an energy source, estimate the number of BTUs of
natural gas you used last year. Multiply the number on your last monthly gas
bill by 12 to get an estimate for the year. If you don’t have a gas bill, assume
a typical value of 60,000,000 BTUs/year. 100,000 BTUs of natural gas
produce 5.5 kg of CO2. 100,000 BTUs is approximately the yield of 100 cubic
feet of gas. 100 cubic feet of gas = 1 ccf (also called 1 Therm).
Using your natural gas bill or the typical value, determine how many
kilograms of CO2are emitted per year: 3300
What percentage of this is yours?: 100
Total CO2 of BTU attributable to you: 3300
4. If you use heating oil as an energy source, estimate the number of gallons of
oil you used last year. If you don’t have an oil bill, assume a typical value of
600 gal/yr. One gallon of oil generates 7.6 kg CO2.
600 gal/year multiplied by 7.6 kg CO2/gal = 4560 kg/year
Divide by the number of people in your household: 4560 kg/yr.
5. If your home is heated by coal or wood assume, 100 lb of coal = 1,111,100
BTUs and 120 lb of dry wood = 948,000 BTUs. One cord of wood emits 3068
kg of CO2. However, since wood is only a temporary store of CO2, some
people argue that heating with wood does not make a contribution to
atmospheric CO2. What is your opinion?
I think that that the gas and smoke produced by burning the wood does
contribute to pollution within the air. People that burn wood may not
contribute as much but there are still risks and pollution generated through
this form of heating.
6. Estimate the number of miles you flew last year. Airplane fuel efficiency
varies, but, on average, flying 1 mile generates 0.23 kg (0.5 lb of CO2) per
passenger.
Number of miles flown 6305.6 miles/year multiplied by 0.23 kg/mile =
1450.29 kg/year
Assume 60 people on an average flight and divide by that number: 24.17
kg/yr.
7. Add the totals of the above calculations, leaving out whatever home heating
sources that you do not use.
15882.39 kg/yr (car) + 4514.88 kg/yr (electricity) + 3300 kg/yr (natural
gas) + 0 kg/yr (oil) + 0 kg/yr (wood, coal) + 24.17 kg/yr (airplane) =
23721.44 kg/yr TOTAL
8. The figure you calculated is the energy you use directly. It does not include
the energy you use indirectly. Indirect energy use includes energy used in
manufacturing the products you buy, growing and processing food, and
transporting food and products to you. Approximately 75% of the energy we
use is used indirectly. Therefore, you need to multiply the total kilograms per
year that you calculated by 4 to obtain your total energy.
23721.44 kg/yr (direct) multiplied by 4 = 94885.76 kg/yr (direct and
indirect)
9. Now convert to metric tons.
94885.76 kg/yr total divided by 1000 kg/metric ton = 94.89 metric
ton/year
a. How does your total compare to the value of 1.3 metric tons that is
estimated to be your proportional share? I far exceeded the amount that I
should be contributing.
b. How does your total compare to the approximate average production of
CO2 per person in the United States of 20 metric tons? I produce way
c. List some specific things that you do to reduce your CO2 emissions
and your contribution to global warming. Cut back on driving, flying,
and gas use.
10.Using the Internet or library resources, report briefly on a current
controversy or issue concerning global warming. Cite your sources.
Texas has been hit severely with record breaking floods over the last
few years. Many claim that this is partially due to global warming. As
greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere raise the earth’s
temperatures, some areas receive more rainfall due to there being
more moisture in the air because the increase in temperature. Some
believe that the heavy floods were produced by a much stronger
than normal El Nino. This resulted from the rise in greenhouse gas
emissions.
Global warming intensified the record floods in Texas and
Oklahoma. (2015). Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climateconsensus-97-per-cent/2015/sep/02/global-warming-intensified-the-record-floods-intexas-and-oklahoma
3rd Person
1.
Estimate the number of miles you drive per year and the average miles per
gallon your car gets.
__30000__ miles/year divided by __17_ miles/gallon = _2147.06__
gallons/year
Burning a gallon of gas produces 9 kilograms of CO2, so multiply the above
total gallons per year by 9 to get your total CO2 emissions from driving. (If
you carpool, you can divide by the average number of people in the car to
get your personal portion.)
__1764.7_ gallons/year multiplied by 9 kg/gallon = _15882.39 _ kg/year
2.
Estimate the number of kilowatt-hours of electricity you used last year.
Multiply the number on your last monthly electric bill by 12 to get an
estimate for the year. If you don’t have an electric bill, use Table
P6.3 “Energy Requirements of Household Appliances” and add the values
for each appliance to find your annual energy consumption for electrical
appliances in kilowatt-hours per year. One kilowatt-hour of electricity
generated in a coal-fired power plant produces about 1 kg of CO2. Nuclear
energy is effectively free of CO2, but produces only 20% of the nation’s
electricity. Assume that 80% of your electricity comes from a coal-fired
power plant.
__13600_ kilowatt-hours/year multiplied by 0.8 = __10880___ kg/year
3.
If you use natural gas as an energy source, estimate the number of BTUs of
natural gas you used last year. Multiply the number on your last monthly gas
bill by 12 to get an estimate for the year. If you don’t have a gas bill, assume
a typical value of 60,000,000 BTUs/year. 100,000 BTUs of natural gas
produce 5.5 kg of CO2. 100,000 BTUs is approximately the yield of 100
cubic feet of gas. 100 cubic feet of gas = 1 ccf (also called 1 Therm).
Using your natural gas bill or the typical value, determine how many
kilograms of CO2are emitted per year: __I have never used natural gas___
What percentage of this is yours?:___0_
Total CO2 of BTU attributable to you: __0___
4.
If you use heating oil as an energy source, estimate the number of gallons of
oil you used last year. If you don’t have an oil bill, assume a typical value of
600 gal/yr. One gallon of oil generates 7.6 kg CO2.
Never used heating oil throughout the year
__0__gal/year multiplied by 7.6 kg CO2/gal = __0___kg/year
Divide by the number of people in your household: __0___kg/yr.
5.
If your home is heated by coal or wood assume, 100 lb of coal = 1,111,100
BTUs and 120 lb of dry wood = 948,000 BTUs. One cord of wood emits
3068 kg of CO2. However, since wood is only a temporary store of CO2,
some people argue that heating with wood does not make a contribution to
atmospheric CO2. What is your opinion?
I believe this is true as its clear that emission through burning of wood
would emit the same CO2 as wood decaying naturally.
6.
Estimate the number of miles you flew last year. Airplane fuel efficiency
varies, but, on average, flying 1 mile generates 0.23 kg (0.5 lb of CO2) per
passenger.
Number of miles flown __27000___miles/year multiplied by 0.23 kg/mile =
__6210___kg/year
Assume 60 people on an average flight and divide by that number:
_103.5____ kg/yr.
7.
Add the totals of the above calculations, leaving out whatever home heating
sources that you do not use.
15882.39 kg/yr (car) + __10880___kg/yr (electricity) + _0____kg/yr
(natural gas) + 0 kg/yr (oil) + __0___kg/yr (wood, coal) + __103.5___kg/yr
(airplane) = __26865.89___kg/yr TOTAL
8.
The figure you calculated is the energy you use directly. It does not include
the energy you use indirectly. Indirect energy use includes energy used in
manufacturing the products you buy, growing and processing food, and
transporting food and products to you. Approximately 75% of the energy we
use is used indirectly. Therefore, you need to multiply the total kilograms
per year that you calculated by 4 to obtain your total energy.
__26865.89___kg/yr (direct) multiplied by 4 = _107463.56_____kg/yr
(direct and indirect)
9.
Now convert to metric tons.
___107463.56____kg/yr total divided by 1000 kg/metric ton =
___107.46___metric ton/year
a. How does your total compare to the value of 1.3 metric tons that is
estimated to be your proportional share?
107.46/1.3 = 82.66 proportional share
b. How does your total compare to the approximate average production of
CO2 per person in the United States of 20 metric tons?
107.46/20 = 5.373 times more
c. List some specific things that you do to reduce your CO2 emissions and
your contribution to global warming.
Since my largest contribution comes from my car, I can get a more fuel
efficient car as I a much involves in driving. This will reduce the CO2 gas
emitted. I can also do away with some of my much consuming electric
appliances and replace them with energy efficient ones.
The main controversy behind global warming is the disagreement from some
of the scientists that human activities contribute to global warming. The
major issue is what can be done to reduce this emissions such as using green
energy is not embraced as its a major source of income (Pеircе et al, 2008).
References
Pеircе, J. J., Wеinеr, R. F., Vеsilind, P. A., & Vеsilind, P. A. (2008).
еnvironmеntal pollution and control. Boston, Mass: Buttеrworth-Hеinеmann. olt,
Rinеhart and Winston.
…
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