Steganography, as defined by Websters Dictionary, is the art or practice of concealing a message, image, or file within another message, image, or file. For this weeks assignment we are going to work with arrays, strings, and StringBuilder to decode a message that has been hidden inside another file and sent to us from our friend, Randy Waterhouse (you have my sincere admiration if you get that reference!). Randy is sending us a message that he has encoded within a regular data file. This means he has taken the file and changed random characters within that file that will spell out a message if we can figure out which characters he changed and the ordered in which he changed them.
The original file looked like this:
Randy then went line by line and changed certain characters according to the below table. The lines and columns of the table are indexed starting at zero, just like our arrays in C#. The first entry in the table, 0,5=n means that Randy changed the character in line zero at the 5th letter (which is actually the 6th since we started at zero) to be n (it was originally W). Here is the table of changes that Randy made. Note that he only changed 5 characters per line and that each line has 60 characters in it.
And here is the new data with Randys changes:
If we know the order that he changed the characters in each line, we can create the following four strings of five characters each:
If we append all those strings together, we will have the full message that Randy sent us (apparently Randy is a fan of the movie A Christmas Story):
Drink more Ovaltine!
So how do we figure out the order? Many cryptographic systems have two mains components: an equation and a key. The equation generates a string of numbers based on the key number that is plugged in to that equation (thats a super-simple explanation, but this isnt a crypto class, so
). In this case, Randy kept it simple. Hes a C# programmer, after all! He used the Random class, and he knows that using a certain number as a seed will make Random generate the same sequence of numbers when .Next is called. If Randy tells you the seed, and you know that he did his encryption line by line, then you can get the characters from Randys seemingly random data and generate the message.
So heres your assignment. The attached assignment shell has an array of 22 strings already declared for you that represent the lines in a data file. Each line has 60 characters in it, but Randy only changed 5 of those characters. You need to use nested for loops (i.e. one for loop inside another) and Randoms next method to pull the five characters from each line and store those in a different array of strings, where each string is 5 characters long. Remember, if you seed your Random with the same number Randy did, then your next will generate the same sequence of numbers. Those numbers are the indices of the characters you need to get from each line. You then need to print out each 5-character string like I showed you above. Finally, youre going to use a StringBuilder to put all 22 of those 5-character strings together in order to spell out the message.
You need to seed your random number generator with 243 because thats the number Randy used when encrypting his message (he chose that because 243 would generate 22 5-character sequences where those 5 characters would not repeat).
Read the comments in the attached shell carefully as they might contain some more insight into how to solve this problem.
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