Two questions has to be 275 words
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_f8DmU-gQQ (Watch this video and explain whats the video for) ( can be 100 words)
2. Read the passage below and answer those questions ( has to be 175 words) with all the questions together.
Are you an adult? What makes you an adult?
Emergent adulthood is the period between 18-25. It may be described as a period in where young adults are autonomous and independent, possibly postponing marriage and parenthood and work commitments They are in between adolescence and full adulthood.
Is this a stage? Is this universal or WEIRD?
(Western, Educated, Industrialized, and Rich Democracies) No evidence indicates that emergent adulthood is appearing in every nation, not just the WEIRD ones.
Dr Arnett on emergent adulthood Emergent adults bodily systems function optimally in emergent adulthood
Health and Sickness- 96% rated their health as good, yet some have poor health. Some people age 3 times faster than others with half of the difference between fast and slow aging evident by age 26. By the mid 30s, some have bodies like those in their 20s and some like those in their 40s. Average 18-25 year old sees a doctor once per year, including those who are pregnant or injured. In 2016, about 1:4 never saw a health professional, either in an office or in a hospital (National Center for Health Statistics, 2017). This compares with 8 visits per year for individuals 65+ who are not injured or pregnant. Also, less than 1/3 of adults 18-45 get a flu shot although it is recommended for everyone over the age of 6 months. Why? It is not 100% effective.
Emergent adults have good organ reserve ( capacity of the body to allow organs to cope with stress) .Organ reserve decreases with age and older persons have much less capacity and the body can be overwhelmed by activities such as shoveling snow, catching the flu, or minor surgery).
Homeostasis adjustment of bodily systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium. This becomes more difficult with age, so older bodies do not adapt to stress as easily as younger ones. Requires an immediate response.
Allostasis- a dynamic bodily adjustment that affects physiology over time,
Allostatic load Early adulthood consitions such as lack of sleep, drug use, unhealthy eating, inactivity accumulate depleting some organ reserve and adding to allostatic load, (Stresses of the basic body systems that burden overall functioning such as hypertension).
Behavior in emergent adulthood impacts later life. Poor habits can cause metabolic syndrome, a collection of factors that make illness more likely. These include inadequate sleep, lack of exercise (most emergent adults are active), eating the right amount. One wants to maintain ones set point ( the weight that one naturally is; that an individuals homeostatic processes strive to maintain). The BMI is an index of normal weight. Todays emergent adults are heavier than past cohorts. they are gaining about one pound per year due to fast foods, high fat diets, and soda (Duffy et al, 2012, in Berger, 2020, p. 438). Overating or undereating increases the allostatic load, bodily stress. Long-term effects due to childhood poverty, racial discrimination, and maltreatment.
Appearance is valued and is often ideal. Young adults spend a lot of money on appearance ie clothes, shoes, cosmetics, skin and hair care. Evolutionary perspective: Mate selection is driven by appearance and reproduction is important to continue the species
Sexual Activity
Both men and women are having children later
Strong sex drives
Sexual double standard Why? From an evolutionary perspective, if men had several partners, they would sire more children and in times when there was high child mortality, it was more likely that some children would survive to adulthood. Women wanted to settle down with someone who would help them raise the children.
Lack of prevention and early treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STI). Ie HIV/AIDS, syphilis, human papilloma virus (HPV) Tragic
1. Carriers may be unaware and infections spread.
2. If the person with a sexually transmitted illness is unaware, there may be rapid and untraceable spread if the individual has several partners
3. Untreated sexually transmitted infections increase infertility, disease, and dealth later in life including such diseases as cancer and TB
4. STIs infect people who thought they would not be harmed.
HIV/AIDS 8 million women in S. Africa carry the virus , including ¼ pregnant women; Congenital syphilis newborns may have lifelong disabilities and early death; HPV individuals who are infected do not know until warts appear on their genitals worst cases in women diagnosed with cervical cancer or adults with other cancers prevention includes an inoculation at age 11 or 12
Many STIs among emerging adult men due to poverty and pride; homeless youth have barriers to good medical care
Unwanted pregnancy contraception requires planning; need for free contraception; In Chapter 14, we looked at teen Moms. There are similar issues for unwanted pregnancy in emergent adulthood
Many emergent adults in some ways resemble adolescents in their behavior. They stay out late, may believe that they are invincible, and their thought patterns may not be as mature. Why ? The limbic system matures before the; prefrontal cortex and the brain does not fully mature before age 25.
Risk taking- emergent adults, like adolescents, may see themselves an invincible. Remember, the brain does not mature before age 25. They therefore may drive wthout a seat belt, abuse drugs, engage in addictive gambling
Extreme sports require risk and challenge ie sky diving, pairs figure skating, dangerous surfing
Professions with a high degree of risk taking: astronaut, professional deep sea diver, Coast Guard swimmer, etc.
Fatal accidents, homicide, and suicide result in more deaths in emerging adulthood than all other causes combined.
Drug abuse- whenever a drug (legal or illegal) is used in a harmful way and damages a persons physical, cognitive, or psychosocial well-being
Drug addiction (dependence) there is a physiological need to have the drug and it takes more and more of the drug to get the same effect. If one stops using the drug, the individual experiences withdrawal symptoms.
Substance Disorders, Abuse and Dependence
Drug use peaks at age 20 and declines with age. Men are more likely to take risks.
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