Answer questions:
1. A study estimating the effect of having heart disease on the odds of getting COVID-19 found that the Odds Ratio was 1.25 with a confidence interval of 1.1 1.4. What can the researchers conclude?
-The odds of heart disease increase if you do not have COVID-19
-The odds of COVID-19 increase if you have heart disease
-The odds of COVID-19 decreases if you have heart disease
-There is no relationship between heart disease and COVID-19
2. A regression analysis relating patient satisfaction (Y) to age (X) found a coefficent for age of .500. How can this be interpretted?
-For every 1 year older you are patient satisfaction decreases by .500
For every 1 year older you are patient satisfaction increases by .500
For every 1 year older you are patient satisfaction stays the same
3. You roll a 6 sided dice, the probability of landing on a 1 is 1 out 6. The probability of not landing on a 1 is: 1 (.166667)
-True
False
4. In a small randomized trial (n=30 subjects) of a new treatment for lupus, the Odds Ratio for mortality in the control group vs the treated group was 1.6, and the p-value was p=.03. We can conclude that:
The odds of mortality in the control group was 1.6 times that of the treated group
Both of these interpretations are correct
The treatment groups odds of mortality was lower than the control group
5. A large study reveals that taking a multivitamin decreases the odds of sickness by 2% in the winter months (p-value=.90). This difference (between groups that did & did not take the multivitamin) is likely to be . . .
-Practically significant but not statistically significant
Statistically significant & practically significant
Neither statistically significant nor practically significant
Statistically significant but not practically significant
6. Which assumption for doing an independent t-test would be violated if the participants were examined at time 1 (baseline) and then at time 2 (6 weeks later)?:
-Independence
-Normality
Homogeneity of variance
7. A regression analysis found a coefficient of -500.7 (p-value < .0001) when examining the influence having diabetes has on activity levels (measured by # of daily steps). What can be said about having diabetes compared to not having diabetes (the reference group)?
-Individuals with diabetes take 500.7 less steps than individuals without diabetes
Individuals with diabetes take 500.7 more steps than individuals without diabetes
No relationship was observed between having diabetes and not.