answered: 1. FYI, America’s racist policies, some darker periods of Am

  

1. FYI, America’s racist policies, some darker periods of American history, including the Congressional Exclusionary Act restricting immigration based on race and the Japanese American Internment during WWII.
Our children should not be placed in any position where their youthful impressions may be affected by association with pupils of the Mongolian race. —San Francisco School Board, 1905
In response to the challenge of changing demographics more than a century ago, the San Francisco School Board established a segregated Chinese Primary School for Chinese children to attend, including those who were American-born. By the turn-of-the century after Japanese immigrants had settled in the wake of Chinese exclusion, the School Board also applied the Chinese segregation policy to Japanese students. School superintendent, Aaron Altmann, advised the city’s principals: “Any child that may apply for enrollment or at present attends your school who may be designated under the head of ‘Mongolian’ must be excluded, and in furtherance of this please direct them to apply at the Chinese School for enrollment.”
Source: https://asiasociety.org/education/asian-americans-then-and-now
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Links to an external site. 2-Well noted Len, please see a great breakdown of a long history of the racial stereotypes of Asian Americans in America. Please comment. Steve
The long history of racism against Asian Americans in the U.S. | PBS NewsHour
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Links to an external site. 3-Please read and comment, modern day racism, have we learned anything from our history? Will love to hear your comments. Steve
Asian Americans Share Experiences of Racism During COVID-19 | Time
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Links to an external site.
4-Throughout their history, Asian Americans have confronted a long legacy of exclusion and inequity in relation to school policies and practices, particularly during periods of changing demographics, economic recession, or war. In spite of historic, linguistic differences, distinct Asian nationalities have been grouped together and treated similarly in schools and in the larger society. The grouping of Asian Americans together, then, makes sense in light of historic links from the past to the present. Beginning in the 1850s when young single men were recruited as contract laborers from Southern China, Asian immigrants have played a vital role in the development of this country. Working as miners, railroad builders, farmers, factory workers, and fishermen, the Chinese represented 20% of California’s labor force by 1870, even though they constituted only .002% of the entire United States population. With the depression of 1876, amidst cries of “They’re taking away our jobs!,” anti-Chinese legislation and violence raged throughout the West Coast. In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act—the only United States law to prevent immigration and naturalization on the basis of race—which restricted Chinese immigration for the next sixty years. The “Chinese Must Go” movement was so strong that Chinese immigration to the United States declined from 39,500 in 1882 to only 10 in 1887. By 1885, following Chinese Exclusion Act, large numbers of young Japanese laborers, together with smaller numbers of Koreans and Indians, began arriving on the West Coast where they replaced the Chinese as cheap labor in building railroads, farming, and fishing. Growing anti-Japanese legislation and violence soon followed. In 1907, Japanese immigration was restricted by a “Gentleman’s Agreement” between the United States and Japan.
Source: https://asiasociety.org/education/asian-americans-then-and-now
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Links to an external site.
5- Please read and comment. This has been going on to long in America. Steve
https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/03/18/history-anti-asian-violence-racism/
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Links to an external site.
Respond to students discussion comments (respond to 5 different comments, only first two here additional 3 will be in chat
ana 1. This article further shows the roots of American policy enforcing white supremacy while excluding minority groups. Even though these people were born on American soil, they were excluded from the long-standing history of birthright citizenship and had to fight for their ability to gain citizenship. It is unfortunate that American Samoa is still excluded from this, even though their ancestral land was taken from them and they have the ability to live and work in the United States. Since they are non-citizen nationals, they cannot vote in elections even though they are an American territory governed by the outcomes of our elections. They deserve representation in the same way a citizen does. 2. It is horrible that an Asian man was excluded from the American Pillar of due process due to his ethnicity. You would think that the judicial system would do anything to bring justice to a murderer, but this was not the case when it came to Asian Americans. The justification was based in that the constitution was written to only include Caucasians and that by allowing minority groups such as Asians to participate in the judicial process, they would soon demand more rights and the general attitude was that these groups were inferior to the white man and did not deserve the same rights. This is further shown in the concentration camps after WWII. Even though the law targeted Italians, Germans, and Japanese immigrants, the Japanese were disproportionately targeted since they were of Asian descent. 3. This shows that even years after the Civil war, Americans still segregated and unfairly punished minority groups. The fact that over 100,000 Japanese Americans were detained and forced to live in terrible conditions shows that we were participating in ethnic cleansing and racism. What is even sadder is that it took 42 years for the survivors to get their operations, something that African Americans are still waiting on today. The survivor mentioned, Minoru Imamura, had to spend his last high school years in a camp and was then forced into joining the U.S. Army to fight for a country that had just wronged him so badly. 4. It is sickening that the executive order was upheld not only once, but twice in the Supreme Court based off of racist ideas perpetuated in a time of war. Most, if not all, of the Japanese Americans living on the west coast, did not have any connection to the attack on Pearl Harbor and were hardly punished for existing in America. Although the two persons involved in these landmark cases eventually received justice, it is a crime they had to wait so long and experience the injustices in the first place. The case was even used as a precedent in Trump v Hawaii, upholding a travel ban rooted in more racist policymaking. yashira
1. Since the United States became a nation, minority groups all around the country have suffered from discrimination and marginalization. This has been demonstrated in the case of Chinese Americans via several actions throughout time. This was due to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which was the result of the perception that they posed a threat to a country that exclusively welcomed immigrants of European descent. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the country’s first substantial immigration restriction at the time. In addition to this, many West Coasters blamed these Chinese employees for the economy’s problems and dropping salaries. According to the report, “Many Americans on the West Coast blamed Chinese employees for dropping salaries and other economic woes” (History). In addition, it is stated that “Congress approved the Chinese Exclusion Act to appease worker demands and allay worries about maintaining white “racial purity” despite the fact that Chinese people made up only 0.002 percent of the population of the country.” (History). These lines further demonstrate how egotistical and arrogant white people were. Additionally, it might be claimed that white people only engaged in hatred since it seemed to be what they did best. 2. Steven Lee wishes to commemorate Asian Pacific American Heritage Month by discussing a significant case in the legal history of Asian Americans in the film, “Asian Pacific American Heritage Month: People v. Hall.” Former federal prosecutor turned litigation Steven Lee also worked as a reporter for the Chicago Tribune. Lee reveals that there was an 1850s murder case that had huge implications for civil rights in the 1850s and 1860s in California. He says that this is also an instance of two judges who had very different ideas about the purpose of the law and who the legislation was designed to protect.According to Lee, the case of People v. Hall starts with a murder that happened in 1853 in a region of California’s Sierra Nevada mountains that was the site of a gold rush. Three individuals came across a group of Chinese miners camped out and assaulted one of them, killing him in the process. According to Lee, the government really followed the correct procedures in this situation, as the prosecution had the three individuals detained and brought to court. William Stewart, who eventually went to fame as a senator from Nevada, was in charge of the prosecution. He truly contributed to the 15th draft by doing so. Lee notes that Stewart took considerable care to support his case against these people. He enlisted a Presbyterian clergyman to act as the trial’s interpreter. Stewart put many Chinese witnesses to the stand, along with at least one white witness to support the testimony of the Chinese witnesses. Lee says that as a result, the jury found George Hall guilty of the crime. Lee notes that at the time, black, mixed-race, or Native American witnesses were not allowed to testify against white defendants in court under California law. This law was expanded by Justice Murray to bar anyone who isn’t white from testifying against a white guy. By releasing George Hall from prison, Justice Murray effectively let a murderer go back on the streets. All Chinese and non-White individuals in California at the time were greatly impacted by this choice. According to Lee, this legislation was altered in California in the 1870s, allowing Chinese people and all other non-white people to testify against those responsible for crimes against them. I had no knowledge of the People v. Hall case, and I found Chief Justice Murray’s ruling to be abhorrent.
3. This brief movie depicts what it was like for a person to personally witness the American response to Japanese Americans following the assault on Pearl Harbor. Japanese Americans were imprisoned from 1942 to 1946 because the US government did not believe they would be obedient to the country. These individuals were believed to be loyal to Japan, which was the perpetrator of the Pearl Harbor bombing. More than 100,000 Japanese Americans were held as a result. They could only bring what they could carry and had to leave their whole lives behind to live in internment camps. What follows is when President Roosevelt approved the law allowing all Japanese Americans to be imprisoned, Minora Imamura was 16 years old. Only what the US government intended the public to see from within the internment camps was made available for public viewing. Japanese Americans were housed in eleven or so camps. President Reagan provided 20,000 dollars in reparations to families who had been affected by these camps. These camps didn’t close until 1946. 4. By confining and imprisoning racial and ethnic minorities in internment camps as a matter of national security, the practice of restricting civil freedoms was made acceptable by the verdict in the 1944 case of Korematsu v. the United States. A land invasion of the West Coast was feared after the attack on Pearl Harbor, which marked the start of the United States’ explicit involvement in World War Two. However, the reality of the internment camps and the expropriation of properties owned by Japanese families is unsettlingly similar to the internment of political opponents of the Nazis and Jews during the Second World War. Up to the year 2018, Korematsu v. United States remained a precedent.