Solved by a verified expert:Question 1(2 points)
A group of medical researchers investigated the effects of a
drug called Pressure Drop X on lowering blood pressure in a group of women
between the ages of 60 and 80 years old. The researchers did the following
experiment and obtained the indicated results: One group of 150 women took a
tablet containing Pressure Drop X for 3 weeks – 95 of these women
experienced decreased blood pressure by at least 10%. Another group of
150 women were given a tablet with no added Pressure Drop X for 3 weeks –
10 of these women decreased their blood pressure by 10%. What are the
controlled variables in this experiment?
Question 1 options:
Amount of Pressure Drop X
Blood pressure
The age and gender of the
participants
The 3 week time period and sample
size of 150
The group of women that received
the pills with no added Pressure Drop X
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Question 2(2 points)
The effectiveness of a
medication containing growth hormone is tested on a group of young male rabbits
3 weeks of age. The best control group would be:
Question 2 options:
(a) any group of rabbits
(b) a group of young male
rabbits 3 weeks of age, not given the medication
(c) a group of young female
rabbits 3 weeks of age, not given the medication
(d) a group of male adult
rabbits
(e) no control is required;
just measure whether the rabbits grew
Question 3(2 points)
A substance with a pH
greater than 7 is ___________, while a substance with a pH less that 7 is
___________.
Question 3 options:
A ) basic, acidic
B ) acidic, basic
C ) basic, neutral
D ) neutral, acidic
E ) neutral, basic
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Question 4(2 points)
What is the chemical bond called in which 2 atoms share one or
more pairs of electrons?
Question 4 options:
Polar
Hydrogen
Ionic
Covalent
Question 5(2 points)
Which macromolecule is the primary energy source for organisms?
Question 5 options:
A) Sunlight
B) Protein
C) Fat
D) Carbohydrate
E) Nucleic
acid
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Question 6(2 points)
You examine a cell under a microscope and you do not see a
well-defined nucleus. What type of cell is this?
Question 6 options:
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Plant
Animal
Question 7(2 points)
What is the atomic number of an element with 6 protons, 7
neutrons and 6 electrons?
Question 7 options:
7
13
6
12
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Question 8(2 points)
Which of the following statements about mitosis and meiosis is
*NOT* true?
Question 8 options:
The cells resulting from meiosis
are diploid and the cells resulting from mitosis are haploid.
Meiosis and meiosis both starts
with one cell, meiosis ends with four and mitosis with two.
Mitosis produces new cells for
growth and repair, meiosis produces gametes.
Mitosis goes through cytokinesis
once, meiosis goes through cytokinesis twice.
Cross over happens in meiosis, but
not in mitosis.
Question 9(2 points)
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes
that may degrade different kinds of macromolecules?
Question 9 options:
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Mitochondrion
Lysosome
Golgi
body
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Question 10(2 points)
What are two atoms with the same atomic number, but different
mass numbers, called?
Question 10 options:
radioactive
isotopes
proteins
electrons
nuclei
Question 11(2 points)
Which of the following organisms are capable of cellular
respiration?
Question 11 options:
Poplar Trees
Portabella Mushrooms
Polar Bears
Brown Algae
All of these organisms are capable
of cellular respiration
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Question 12(2 points)
Consider a cell that underwent mitosis but not cytokinesis. What
would the result be?
Question 12 options:
One cell with one nucleus
containing twice the normal number of chromosomes
One cell with two nuclei, each
containing a normal number of chromosomes
Two daughter cells that are
unusually small
Two daughter cells with no nucleus
Two daughter cells with twice the
number of chromosomes
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Question 13(2 points)
In humans, the allele for dimples (D) is dominant. The allele
for not having dimples (d) is recessive. If a woman (DD) and a man (Dd) have
four children, how many of the children will not have dimples?
Question 13 options:
0
1
2
3
4
Question 14(2 points)
A man carries a harmful sex-linked gene on his X chromosome. Who
will he pass this on to?
Question 14 options:
All
of his daughters
Half
of his daughters
All
of his sons
Half
of his sons
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Question 15(2 points)
Proteins are made based on information stored in genes through
the process of ______ and ______
Question 15 options:
respiration………translation
translation……….mutation
transcription……..translation
respiration……transcription
mRNA………traits
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Question 16(2 points)
Which type of human cells are
responsible for passing genes on to the next generation?
Question 16 options:
Intestinal
Immune
Gamete
Somatic
Question 17(2 points)
What is the smallest biological unit
that can evolve?
Question 17 options:
— Select an Option —
Population
Cells
Individual
Species
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Question 18(2 points)
What is a recessive trait?
Question 18 options:
A trait that not everyone in your
family share
A trait only visible when
organisms are heterozygous for the responsible gene
A trait that a person carries but
that does not affect the phenotype
A trait that appears when a person
has two recessive alleles for that gene
The least common variation of that
trait in a population
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Question 19(2 points)
Biomedical researchers study species as
disparate as worms, fruit flies, mice, zebrafish, or rhesus monkeys to
understand our genes, and even our diseases. Why?
Question 19 options:
Because these species have many inherited features that are very
similar to our own.
Because these species are all prokaryotes, and therefore their
genes are 99.9% identical to one another.
Because they make up an interconnected food web when bacteria
are added.
Because rhesus monkeys gave us the Rh+ factor when they bit our
ancestors.
Question 20(2 points)
Why are most food chains limited to
three to five trophic levels?
Question 20 options:
The higher the trophic level, the larger the organism; the
larger the organism, the less likely it will be prey.
The nutritional quality of existing biomass decreases with increasing
trophic level.
Most ecosystems have insufficient space to support the increased
number of organisms that more trophic levels would require.
There is insufficient energy to support more trophic levels.
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Question 21(2 points)
The site of protein
synthesis in the cell is ___________________________.
Question 21 options:
A ) the mitochondria
B ) the nucleus
C ) the Golgi apparatus
D ) the ribosomes
Question 22(2 points)
The diffusion of water
through a selectively permeable membrane is called
Question 22 options:
___________________________________.
A ) facilitated diffusion
B ) active transport
C ) osmosis
D ) phagocytosis
E ) endocytosis
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Question 23(2 points)
If you place a dialysis tubing permeable only to water filled
with 10% sucrose solution into a beaker filled with a 30% solution of sucrose,
what would you expect?
Question 23 options:
Water flows into the dialysis
tubing.
Water flows out of the dialysis
tubing.
Nothing happens.
Sucrose diffuses out of the
tubing.
Sucrose diffuses into the tubing
Question 24(2 points)
While cooking dinner you spill olive oil all over your new
T-shirt and jeans. Not wanting them to be stained, you decide to wash
both. You throw the T-shirt in with a load of other “whites”
and wash with hot water. The jeans are new and a dark blue so you decide
to wash them in cold water. You use the same detergent and drying
conditions for both the shirt and jeans. When folding, you notice the
T-shirt is nice and clean, however, the jeans still have a large oil stain.
Curious as to why that is, you develop a hypothesis. Which of the
following is the best hypothesis:
Question 24 options:
It is impossible to remove oil
stains from new jeans.
Wash conditions have no impact on
removal of oil stains.
Enzymes in the detergent work most
effectively in cold water.
Temperature, wash cycle length and
inclusion of fabric softener can all impact the ability to remove oil from
stained clothes.
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Question 25(2 points)
Which of the following elements is NOT a core component of DNA?
Question 25 options:
Carbon
Phosphorous
Arsenic
Nitrogen
Question 26(2 points)
Which of the following statements about autism is true:
Question 26 options:
Research has clearly demonstrated
that autism is the sole result of the MMR vaccine.
All cases or autism are caused by
environmental pollutants.
The causes of autism is complex
and no single contributor is responsible.
Genetics does not play a role in
the development of autism.
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Question 27(2 points)
If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in
a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine?
Question 27 options:
60%
40%
20%
30%
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Question 28(2 points)
A couple has two male children. What is
the probability that their next child will be female?
Question 28 options:
100%
75%
50%
33%
25%
0%
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Question 29(2 points)
Inheritable mutations,
which may allow a population to evolve are produced ___________.
Question 29 options:
A ) by chance
B ) as a response to environmental
C ) as a response to selection
pressure
D ) by natural selection
E ) by artificial selection
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Question 30(2 points)
Dr. Kitty Hauke is studying lobsters in Maine. She noticed
that over several years the average length of pincers had increased within this
population. She hypothesized that having larger pincers provided a
fitness advantage. To test her hypothesis, she introduced 75 large pincer
lobsters and 75 small pincer lobsters into an isolated bay area that was
similar to the lobsters’ natural sea environment. Over 10 years, Dr.
Hauke observed this isolated population of lobsters. What would she
likely observe if her hypothesis was incorrect?
Question 30 options:
A) The
percent of lobsters with large pincers would decrease.
B) There
were fewer small pincer lobsters mating during mating season.
C) More
large pincer lobsters could be found mating during mating season.
D) The
percent of lobsters with large pincers would increase.
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Question 31(2 points)
Certain fungi that are
important in nutrient recycling because they release nutrients from dead
organisms back into the ecosystem are _____________________.
Question 31 options:
A ) producers
B ) consumers
C ) decomposers
D ) recyclers
E ) feeders
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Question 32(2 points)
What is the single greatest threat to biodiversity today?
Question 32 options:
Habitat destruction and fragmentation
Invasive species
Overexploitation
Pollution
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Question 33(2 points)
This is a Tomato
Hornworm, the caterpillar stage of thefive-spotted hawkmoth (Manducaquinquemaculata).
The white objects protruding from the back of the caterpillar are wasp eggs.
When the larvae hatch they will feed on the worm.Which term best describes
the relationship between the wasps and the Tomato hornworms?
Question 33 options:
Mutualism
Competition
Predation
Symbiosis
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Question 34(2 points)
Why do some scientists argue that viruses are non-living?
Question 34 options:
Viruses evolve
Viruses are able to reproduce
Viruses have an organized and
complex structure
Viruses are not made of cells
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Question 35(2 points)
Which of the following
activities decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
Question 35 options:
A ) Cutting down trees.
B ) Driving gasoline powered
vehicles.
C ) Using electricity from
coal-powered plants.
D ) Planting trees.
E ) Heating your home.
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Question 36(2 points)
How does high heat impact most
enzymes?
Question 36 options:
Enzyme activity is decreased due to hydrolysis
Enzymes are inactivated due to
denaturation
Enzyme activity is increased due to saturation
Since enzymes are temperature independent activity will remain
the same.
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Question 37(2 points)
If life on another
planet were fundamentally like life on earth, the macromolecules of living
things would be based on which element?
Question 37 options:
A. Carbon
B. Hydrogen
C. Nitrogen
D. Oxygen
E. Phosphorus
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Question 38(2 points)
Which of the following statements best describes
the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
Question 38 options:
Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only
in animals.
Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic.
Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while
respiration releases it.
ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in
respiration.
Photosynthesis produces energy, respiration uses energy.
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Question 39(4 points)
Over a few beers, a friend tells you that mangoes have more
vitamin C than oranges. Having taking a nutrition class, you know that
the amount of vitamin C is very well established and are dubious of your
friends claim. You therefore formulate a hypothesis: “Mangoes
contain more vitamin C than oranges.” To test this hypothesis you measure
vitamin C levels in 20 oranges and 20 mangoes from trees that were grown in the
same orchard under the same environmental conditions (temperature, rain,
sunlight). Select all statements that are true about this experiment.
Question 39 options:
The control group in the
experiment is the oranges
The independent variable is
temperature
The dependent variable is the
vitamin C levels in the mangoes and oranges
The type of fruit is a controlled
variable
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Question 40(10 points)
A graduate student injects 10 mice with
a chemical compound commonly found in the environment and finds that all of his
animals die within a few days. Eager to publish his results, the student comes
to you, his adviser. What would you suggest the student do before publishing
his results? Help him design a controlled experiment. State a good hypothesis,
describe the experiment, identify the control group, independent, dependent and
controlled variables.
Question 40 options:
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Question 41(10 points)
The brown bracts of the plant Monotropsisodorata resemble
leaf litter, which affords them protection from predators. Describe four
characteristics of life you could identify to distinguish these plants from the
dead leaves they mimic.
Question 41 options:
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