Solved by a verified expert:21: The mitotic
spindle first appears during
A: prophase
B: metaphase
C: anaphase
D: telophase
22: Chromosomes line
up in the center of the cell during
A: prophase
B: metaphase
C: anaphase
D: telophase
23: During mitosis,
chromosomes begin to separate during
A: prophase
B: metaphase
C: anaphase
D: telophase
24: Which of the
following is true regarding cytoplasmic division?
A: It occurs during the early part of mitosis
B: It is caused by microfilaments that lie beneath the plasma
membrane
C: It begins during metaphasis
D: None of the above
25: Germ cells
A: in humans contain 46 chromosomes
B: are diploid
C: contain half the number of chromosomes of somatic cells
D: None of the above
26: Meiosis
A: occurs in all body cells
B: produces diploid gametes
C: involves two cell divisions
D: is identical to mitosis in all respects
27: Human somatic
cells
A: contain 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 from the
father
B: are best described as haploid
C: undergo meiotic divisions
D: are genetically identical to germ cells
28: Meiosis I
A: is identical to mitosis
B: lacks a distinct metaphase
C: reduces the number of chromosomes in humans from 46 to 23
D: None of the above
29: In the ovary, the
number of ova produced during meiosis is
A: one
B: two
C: three
D: four
30: The zygote
produced during fertilization
A: divides my meiosis
B: is haploid
C: divides by mitosis
D: None of the above
31: The risk of a
mistaken identity using DNA fingerprinting is _____ compared to a risk of error
in blood typing of 1 in 1000
A: 1 in 4000
B: 1 in 4 million
C: 1 in 4 billion
D: 1 in 4 trillion
32: DNA
A: consists of two polynucleotide strands
B: is identical to RNA except that RNA consists of a single
strand
C: contains two types of bases: purines and pyrimidines
D: a and b
E: a and c
33: A molecule that
is not part of a nucleotide is
A: Phosphate
B: ribose
C: nitrogenous base
D: glucose
34: In DNA, hydrogen
bonds are
A: nonexistent
B: found between the bases on opposing polynucleotide chains
C: found between sugars and phosphates
D: found between the nitrogen bases and sugar molecules
35: The DNA molecule
contains
A: uracil
B: ribose
C: equal numbers of cytosine and thymine
D: contains equal numbers of purines and pyrimidines
36: Viruses
A: are submicroscopic organisms that lack organelles and can
only reproduce inside other cells
B: are structurally very similar to eukaryotic cells
C: are considered living organisms
D: are not attacked by the immune system, which is why they
are so dangerous
37: Bacteria
A: are eukaryotes that lack nuclei
B: are structurally identical to viruses
C: are prokaryotes that lack distinct organelles
D: cause disease
38: Which of the
following is not part of the first line of defense against microorganisms?
A: The skin
B: The lining of the respiratory tract
C: The lining of the intestinal tract
D: The inflammatory response
39: During the
inflammatory response
A: mast cells release histamine, causing the blood vessels
to constrict
B: the release of prostaglandins at the site of the wound
causes pain
C: blood flow to the injured area is reduced to prevent
blood loss
D: all of the above
E: none of the above
40: Pyrogens
A: act on the temperature-regulating region of the
hypothalamus, raising body temperature
B: are chemicals that lower body temperature, thus
protecting the body in case of an invasion by bacteria
C: are one class of interferons
D: increase iron availability, which is detrimental to
bacteria
41:A
student performs an experiment to test the effects of a special diet on the
cholesterol content of chicken eggs. He obtained 20 chickens from two different
breeders. Half of the chickens were fed the special diet, and half were fed a
diet of standard chicken feed, purchased at a local feed store. The student
found that cholesterol levels in the eggs from chickens fed the special diet
were lower than the levels found in the eggs of the other group, and he
concludes that his special diet should be marketed to farmers. Do you see any
problems with this study? How would you improve the design?
42:
If you were considering becoming a strict vegetarian, eating no animal
products, even milk or eggs, how would you be assured of getting all of the amino
acids your body needs? What specific dietary components (not
vitamin supplements) would your body require?
43: Give two examples of negative feedback loops in the endocrine
system: 1) a simple feedback mechanism, and 2) a more complex one that operates
through the nervous system.
44: Why is the heart described as a
double pump? Describe the general structure of arteries and veins. How are they
similar? How are they different? How do arteries and veins (and the blood they
carry) contribute to homeostasis?
45: The immune system in the human body consists
of three lines of defense. What are they and how do they operate?
46: Explain the difference between active and
passive immunity and give an example of each.
47: Your friend is thinking about using
anabolic steroids to improve his gymnastics performance. He argues that he is
young and will only be taking the drug for a year or so. What are three
“pros” and three “cons” associated with using steroids?
What final advice would you give him based on your data?
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