Solved by a verified expert:1. The system responsible for defense against disease and
harmful substances is the
circulatory system
endocrine system
immune system
excretory system
skeletal system
2. Human inputs of outdoor air pollutants occur mostly
in rural areas
in the mountains
along the oceans
in urban areas
in the deserts
3. Of the following materials, the MOST difficult to recycle is
glass
plastic
paper
aluminum
cardboard
4. Which of the following is the LEAST desirable from an
environmental standpoint?
repair
reduce
reuse
compost
recycle
5. Photochemical smog is formed when primary pollutants
interact with
sunlight
water vapor
sulfur dioxide
oxygen
carbon
6. Four of the following are means of transmitting the HIV
virus from person to person, one is not such a means. Choose the one that is
not.
unsafe sex
sneezing and coughing
exposure to unsafe blood
sharing needles by drug users
infected mothers passing the virus to offspring before or during birth
7. Most of earth’s weather occurs in the
troposphere
thermosphere
mesosphere
stratosphere
tropopause
8. Approximately 70% of the U.S.’s electronic waste (ewaste)
ends up
buried or incinerated
recycled
shipped to India
shipped to China
shipped to Africa
9. Which of the following is NOT a major recent trend in urban
population dynamics
numbers and sizes of urban areas is growing very fast
poverty is becoming
increasingly urbanized mostly in developing countries
urban growth is much lower in developed countries than developing
countries
proportion of world population living in urban areas is increasing
decline in hypercities
10. Chlorofluorocarbons are
nontoxic
corrosive
odorous
flammable
reactive
11. Which of the following is not a harmful
effect of plastic bags
spread malaria
kills plants
kills animals
kills marine animals
none of these
12. Compost is MOST accurately described as
manure
landfill byproducts
pure garbage
soil conditioner
and organic fertilizer
humus
13. When more roads are built, more cars are sold. Then more
roads are built. This interaction exemplifies a(n)
positive feedback loop
negative feedback loop
synergistic interaction
antagonistic interaction
negative, synergistic interaction
14. The MOST energy-efficient beverage container on the market
is
reusable glass
recyclable aluminum
stainless steel
recyclable plastic
carton
15. In cultural eutrophication, fish die from
acid deposition
suffocation due to depletion
of dissolved oxygen
toxic substances in the water
increased sediment reducing habitats
loss of space
16. Typical rain in the eastern US is at least _____ times more
acidic than what normal precipitation should be
2
5
10
20
50
17. Refillable glass and PET beverage containers can be used
____ times before they become too damaged and need to be recycled.
3
5
7
10
15
18. A good indicator of water quality is the number of
ducks
fish
turtles
coliform bacteria
protozoa
19. The Lyme disease bacterium is passed onto humans directly
from
foxes
deer
white mice
filed mice
ticks
20. ________relates to the amount of a potentially toxic
substance as it passes through food chains and webs.
Toxicity
Biomagnification
Persistence
Response
Dose
21. What do all volatile organic compounds have in common?
All are carbon based.
All are produced from manmade sources.
All are emitted fro processing and/or burning fossil fuels.
All are colorless, odorless reactive gases.
All are naturally occurring and odorless gases found in rocks and
vegetation.
22. Environmentalists say that the best way to handle soft
drink and beer containers is to
use landfills
use paper bottles
use stainless steel cans
use reusable glass bottles
and PET containers and recycle
bury them
23. The five main types of hazards include all of the
following, EXCEPT
biological hazards
natural hazards
economic hazards
physical hazards
chemical hazards
24. The effects of ozone depletion on humans includes all of the
following, EXCEPT
more cataracts
suppression of immune system
more brain cancers
worse sunburns
more skin cancers
25. The atmospheric layer containing 75% of the mass of earth’s
air is the
thermosphere
mesosphere
stratosphere
troposphere
tropopause
26. The process by which individuals and groups tries to
influence or control the policies and actions of governments is known as
lobbying
policy making
politics
all of these answers
none of these answers
27. A lawsuits filed by a corporation or developer against
citizens who publicly criticize a business for an activity is called
a frivolous lawsuit
a nuisance lawsuit
a statutory suit
a regulatory suit
a SLAPP
28. Countries whose environment has been severely degraded may
be characterized by any of the following, EXCEPT
deterioration of vital infrastructure
increased immigration
allegiance to warlords
breakdown of law and order
violent internal conflict or civil war
29. Levying taxes on each unit of pollution discharged into the
air or water is an example of
tradable pollution rights
charging user fees
regulation
green taxes
subsidies for beneficial actions
30. Markets do well in the production and distribution of
private goods, but are not so good at
accumulating resources
distribution of resources
public services
protecting sources of information
developing strategies
31. Which of the following activities would NOT be permitted in
a National Wildlife Refuge?
oil and gas development
hunting and fishing
military activities
farming and grazing
all of these are permitted
32. The body of statements defining what is acceptable
environmental behavior for individuals, groups, businesses and nations, is
common law
administrative law
statutory law
environmental law
civil law
33. Almost ____ of American households have no reasonable access
to bus or train service.
10%
25%
42%
50%
75%
34. Which of the following is NOT one of the guideline for
living more sustainably?
Do not degrade or deplete the earth’s natural capital.
repair ecological damage
Do not waste matter and energy resources.
protect biodiversity
Encourage more technological answers to problems.
35. Ecological and environmental economists consider which of the
following to be a basic cause of environmental degradation, pollution, poor
health, and premature death?
taxes on wages, income, wealth
using tradable permits or rights to pollute
government subsidies
laws and regulations to prevent pollution
poverty
36. What was the major point learned in the 1991 Biosphere 2
experiment?
How to recycle waste and wastewater.
How to grow a rainforest in an enclosed area.
CO2 recycling is really difficult
Humans cannot engineer life-supporting systems as well as nature.
Extinction is inevitable.
37. Participation in the environmental problems we face is often
accompanied by falling into one or more traps. Which of the following is one of
these traps?
unsustainable pessimism
blind technology optimism
principle of enoughness
paralysis by analysis
faith in simple, easy answers
38. Which branch of government is responsible for overseeing
the agencies that carry out government policies?
judicial
executive
legislative
administrative
military
39. A team of ecologists and economists estimated that the
ecological services provided by the earth’s forests are worth at least ___ a
year?
$1.2 trillion
$2.7 trillion
$3.8 trillion
$4.7 trillion
$5.3 trillion
40. New and more innovative business replacing older ones that
can no longer thrive under changing economic conditions is known as
free market system
economic competition
economic succession
neoclassical economics
environmental economics
41. Which country is one of the leaders in making a shift to
more environmenttally sustainable society by developing a national green plan?
The United States
Switzerland
Japan
Australia
The Netherlands
42. Since 1980, the gap between the rich and the poor has
disappeared
increased
stayed the same
decreased
stayed the same and then decreased
43. Which of the following worldviews would include the concept
that when we use the earth’s natural capital we are borrowing from the earth
and future generations?
planetary management
stewardship
free-market school
spaceship earth
environmental wisdom
44. Which of the following worldviews understands the earth to
be a complex machine that we can understand, dominate, change, and manage for
everyone’s good without overloading natural systems?
spaceship-earth
planetary management
environmental wisdom
biocentric
stewardship
45. Which of the following countries did not adopt Agenda 21, the
global agenda for sustainable development in the 21st century?
Russia
England
United States
Australia
Canada
46. Who of the following is responsible for establishing
the Village Bank and its policy of microloans?
Denis Hayes
Aldo Leopold
Muhammad Yunus
Wangari Maathai
Tyler Miller
47. The measurement of the annual economic value of all goods
and services within a country is called the
GDP
GNP
HPI
GNH
NIH
48. Which of the following is part of the environmental wisdom
worldview?
Success is managing the earth’s systems for ourselves.
Success is managing the earth by dominating, changing, and managing
the earth for everyone.
Success is economic growth, development, better management, and
technology.
Success is learning how nature sustains itself and integrating
this into our actions.
Success is understanding nature to dominate, change, and manage it.
49. Hiding the harmful environmental costs from the market
prices of goods and services causes all of the following, EXCEPT
hides costs from consumers
hinder development of environmentally beneficial green goods and
services
promotes pollution
promotes environmental degradation
causes increases in prices
50. Most environmental lawsuits are
nuisance suits
regulatory suits
civil suits
class action suits
criminal suits
51. Sick Building Syndrome is linked to all of the following,
EXCEPT
headaches
coughing and sneezing
lung cancer
chronic fatigue
burning eyes
52. During the mid-1900s, the spread of malaria decreased
sharply from all of the following, EXCEPT
draining swamplands
draining marshes
spraying breeding areas with DDT and other pesticides
using drugs to kill the parasites in the bloodstream
a new vaccine
53. Without changing what we are doing to the environment, the
projected amount of warming by the year 2100 is
2 degrees C
3 degrees C
4 degrees C
5 degrees C
6 degrees C
54. Lake Washington, near Seattle, was degraded by the growth of
which of the following?
coliform bacteria
protozoans
snails
aquatic plants
cyanobacteria
55. What is the big deal about the atmosphere getting a few
degrees warmer?
may raise the ocean level
may kill off the coral in the oceans
may cause warm weather plants to move further north or south
may move weather patterns around
may cause a very rapid global change in climate
56. Some individuals can be responsive and highly susceptible to
a number of different toxins. This is referred to as
an acute effect
a chronic effect
multiple chemical sensitivity
an antagonistic reaction
a synergistic reaction
57. Which of the following NOT a reason the incidence of
tuberculosis is increasing?
strains of the TB bacterium that have developed resistance to
antibiotics
population growth
weakened immune systems from the spread of AIDS
air travel
effects of global warming
58. In general, acid deposition has harmful effects for
terrestrial ecosystems when it falls below a pH level of
3.6
4.6
5.6
6.6
7.6
59. Which of the following is not a characteristic of PCBs?
is a carcinogen
is a teratogen
breakdown very slowly
are found almost everywhere
none of these answers
60. A person experiencing dizziness after using a strong
household cleaner is showing
a chronic effect
a sensitive effect
a hypersensitive effect
an acute effect
a chronic effect
61. Climate models predict that global warming will be most
severe in which regions?
desert regions
equatorial regions
polar regions
ocean regions
land masses
62. Harmful chemicals emitted directly into the air from natural
processes and human activities are called
secondary pollutants
smog
photochemical smog
tertiary pollutants
primary pollutants
63. According to a 2009 EPA report, between 1980 and 2008 the
combined emissions of six major air pollutants decreased by how much?
17%
23%
36%
49%
54%
64. The system responsible for growth, reproductive development,
and much of our behavior is the
circulatory system
endocrine system
immune system
excretory system
digestive system
65. Which of the following is NOT a strategy for reducing
the threat of climate change?
Improve energy efficiency.
Shift from fossil fuels to a mix of carbon-free energy resources.
Stop cutting down tropical forests.
Capture and store as much carbon dioxide as possible.
use of fossil fuels.
66. Over the past 200 years, the acidity of the ocean surface
has increased by what percentage?
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
67. Which of the following is NOT one of the world’s leading
greenhouse gas producer?
India
European Union
China
Brazil
none of these answers
68. All of the following chemicals are ozone-depleters, EXCEPT
methyl bromide
PCBs
halons
methyl chloroform
CFCs
69. Malaria is spread by
snails
flies
contaminated feces
certain types of mosquitoes
bacteria
70. Which of the following infectious diseases is NOT
among the five most deadly?
pneumonia and flu
measles
malaria
tuberculosis
HIV/AIDS
71. Acid deposition is best classified as a
local problem
state problem
regional problem
national problem
international problem
72. In a warmer world, which of the following organisms are
likely to be hardest hit?
polar bears
insects
weeds
fungi
all of these answers
73. All of the following are non-transmissible diseases EXCEPT
heart disease
most cancers
Measles
malnutrition
asthma
74. The correct sequence of layers of the atmosphere from
innermost to outermost is
mesosphere—stratosphere—thermosphere—troposphere
troposphere—stratosphere—mesosphere—thermosphere
stratosphere—thermosphere—troposphere—mesosphere
thermosphere—stratosphere—mesosphere—troposphere
thermosphere—mesosphere—stratosphere—troposphere
75. The effects of neurotoxins can result in all of the
following, EXCEPT
behavioral changes
learning disabilities
heart disease
attention deficit disorder
death
76. Vegetation improves the quality of life in urban areas by
all of the following means, EXCEPT
providing oxygen
providing wildlife habitat
absorbing air pollutants
warming the air
reducing soil erosion
77. Levying taxes on each unit of pollution discharged into the
air or water is an example of
tradable pollution rights
charging user fees
regulation
green taxes
subsidies for beneficial actions
78. The amount of solid waste produced in the United States each
year would fill a convoy of garbage trucks stretching around the world almost
2 times
4 times
6 times
8 times
10 times
79. The Great Lakes possess ____% of all the surface fresh water
in the United States.
35
95
75
55
45
80. Tradable environmental permits have all of the following
advantages, EXCEPT
flexibility
easy to administer
self-monitoring of emissions
can promote cheating
permit prices determined by market transactions
encourages pollution prevention and waste reduction
81. Which has NOT been a major factor promoting urban
sprawl in the United States?
A surplus of rural open space is still available.
Federal loan guarantees to WWII veterans.
The Homestead Act
still gives land cheaply away in many areas of the country.
Cheap gasoline.
Poor urban planning.
82. Which of the following aquatic ecosystems may be most
capable of diluting, dispersing, and degrading large amounts of sewage, sludge,
and oil?
estuary
swiftly flowing stream
deep-water ocean
coastal parts of the ocean
slow-moving river
83. Which of the following is a point source of water pollution?
offshore oil wells
livestock feedlots
urban lands
croplands
parking lots
84. Implementing sound principles concerning environmental issues
policy makers around the world should follow all of the following
principles, EXCEPT
make decisions that help to prevent a problem from occurring or
becoming worse
Support scientific research to understand environmental changes.
understand nature and how our actions affect nature
encourage wide-spread use of energy alternative or technologies with low
net-energy yield.
establish environmental
policy so that no group of people bears unfair share of burden caused by
pollution
85. New and more innovative businesses replacing older ones
that can no longer thrive under changing economic conditions is known as?
free market system
economic competition
economic succession
economic transition
globalization
86. The natural nutrient enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary,
or slow moving stream is called
oligotrophy
runoff
upwellings
red tides
eutrophication
87. Advantages of automobiles include all of the following,
EXCEPT
symbols of power
mobility
air pollution
basis of much of world’s economy
convenience of use
88. Motor vehicle drivers paying for the full cost of the
harmful effects of fossil fuel use is the application of the
precautionary principle
public access principle
human rights principle
polluter-pays principle
environmental justice principle
89. The U.S. population is
shifting to the north and east
shifting to the north and west
shifting to the south and east
shifting to the south and west
shifting to the north and
south
90. Which of the following is NOT a principle of new
urbanism?
Provide increased money for highway improvements to avoid traffic
congestion.
Make most places in
community within a 10 minute walk.
Provide mixed land uses in a small geographical area.
Emphasize beauty and aesthetics in architectural design.
Create development of land with minimal environmental impact.
91. Nearly __________ of Americans live in urban areas.
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
92. Bioplastics differ from convention plastics in that.
they are made from
biologically based products
they break down slower
they are heavier
require more energy to produce
made from petrochemical products
93. In the United States, ____% of all urban transportation is
by car.
58
68
78
88
98
94. One fish in _____ taken from the Great Lakes is unsafe for
human consumption.
ten
seven
five
four
three
95. One way to attempt to deal with the solid wastes we create
is to attempt to reduce the environmental impact without trying to reduce the
amount of waste produced. This is called
waste reduction
waste prevention
secondary pollution prevention
primary pollution prevention
waste management
96. In 2006 the U.S. government subsidies to fossil fuel and
nuclear industries totalled?
$12 billion
$26 billion
$39 billion
$47 billion
$56 billion
97. A free-market system operating without government interference
requires that sellers
not coerce or mislead sellers or competitors
provide all the goods and services possible
not include all their indirect costs in the prices
increase profits by pushing
others out of business
use all resources to their fullest
98. Large masses of floating plastics in the Pacific and Atlantic
Oceans are known as
Great Atlantic and Pacific
Garbage Patches
Atlantic and Pacific Plastic Vortexes
Atlantic and Pacific Plastic Hotspots
Atlantic and Pacific Plastic Black Holes
None of these answers
99. With 4.6% of the world’s population, the United States
produces about _____ of the world’s solid waste.
one-tenth
one-fifth
one-fourth
one-third
one-half
100. A body of water can be depleted of its oxygen by
viruses and parasitic worms
biodegradable wastes
sediments and suspended matter
organic compounds such as
oil, plastics, solvents, and detergents
inorganic wastes
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