Solved by a verified expert:Question
1
Which
of the following is true regarding endocrine glands?
Answer
As
the body matures, endocrine glands develop from specialized exocrine glands.
Endocrine
glands empty their products into a duct.
Examples
of endocrine glands include sweat glands and salivary glands.
Endocrine
glands are connective tissues that are specialized to produce and secrete a
product.
Endocrine
glands produce and secrete hormones.
Question
2
One
of the most common ways to get information out to a wide audience in the least
amount of time regarding “hot” topics in science is by using
Answer
peer
reviewed journals0
science
magazines
the
Discovery channel on television
general
interest news magazines or newspapers
Books
Question
3
Which
of the following is not true regarding nucleotides?
Answer
An
RNA nucleotide could be made up of ribose, a phosphate, and cytosine.
DNA
nucleotides contain deoxyribose; RNA nucleotides contain sucrose.
There
are four different DNA nucleotides.
RNA
nucleotides are assembled into RNA by the process of dehydration synthesis.
Nucleotides
are bonded together by covalent bonds between the sugars and the phosphates.
Question
4
Which
enzyme is a potentially useful indicator of certain types of cancers?
Answer
antioxidants
trypsin
amylase
Telomerase
DNAse
I
Question
5
Which
of the following is a true statement?
Answer
Molecules
are considered to be the smallest unit capable of exhibiting all the
characteristics of life.
Cells
arise spontaneously from nonliving chemical elements.
All
living things are made up of at least one cell.
Cells
are incapable of maintaining homeostasis because they are too small.
Organisms
composed of many cells are unicellular.
Question
6
Which
of the following is not true regarding the regulation of blood flow?
Answer
Blood
flow to localized areas is adjusted to meet the requirements of that particular
tissue.
In
order to maintain homeostasis, arterial blood pressure is allowed to fluctuate
so that the oxygen/nutrient demands of various tissues are met.
A
constant blood pressure in the arteries is maintained through the regulation of
heart rate and force of contraction.
Regulating
the diameter of systemic arterioles helps to maintain constant blood pressure.
Baroreceptors
are important in the regulation of blood pressure.
Question
7
Most
surveillance systems are passive and disease specific.
Answer
True
False
Question
8
Which
of the following is not true regarding the immune response?
Answer
The
immune response uses chemical and phagocytic cells to destroy foreign cells.
Once
initiated, the immune response provides protection for the entire body.
The
key to immune response is the ability of the components involved to be able to
distinguish between the body cells and foreign cells.
The
immune response involves the activities of proteins, cells, and the lymphatic
system.
The
immune response involves the ability to “remember” exposures to
pathogens in order to increase the rate of response upon subsequent infections
by that pathogen.
Question
9
The
best definition of a poison is:
Answer
any
chemical that is foreign to the body
any
substance that can potentially produce toxicity
any
substance that if present in the body in relatively small amounts that may
produce serious injury
any
poisonous substance produced by an organism
Question
10
About
55% of whole blood is ____, which is mostly made up of water.
Answer
plasma
hemoglobin
white
blood cells
clotting
proteins
Hematocrit
Question
11
Disulfide
bonds are most characteristic of which of the following levels of protein
structure?
Answer
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
none
of the above
Question
12
Skin
becomes less flexible as individual ages because of a decrease in the number of
protein fibers associated with the dermis.
Answer
True
False
Question
13
Red-green
color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder. Assume that mom is a carrier
and dad is color blind. What is the chance that their son will inherit
red-green color blindness?
Answer
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Question
14
Human
cells, with the exception of the gametes, reproduce by mitosis.
Answer
True
False
Question
15
A
student noticed that every time he smelled a certain perfume in the hallway, it
reminded him of his mother. This is due largely to the activity of the limbic
system.
Answer
True
False
Question
16
Bulk
movement of water across plasma membranes and the exchange of oxygen from blood
into cells are similar in that the method of transport is by
Answer
facilitated
transport.
endocytosis.
diffusion.
active
transport.
sodium-potassium
pumps
Question
17
Excitatory
neurotransmitters encourage the generation of new electrical impulses by
Answer
stimulating
saltatory conduction.
stimulating
depolarization of postsynaptic neurons.
inhibiting
postsynaptic neurons from repolarizing.
inhibiting
presynaptic neurons from depolarizing.
stimulating
depolarization of presynaptic neuorons
Question
18
Which
of the following is not true regarding pneumonia?
Answer
It
is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Symptoms
include fever, cough, and shortness of breath.
It
ranks among the top 10 causes of death in North America.
It
can be caused by a viral infection.
Symptoms
result from inflammation of the lungs and secretion of excess fluid by the
alveoli.
Question
19
Vasoconstriction
causes an increase in the diameter of blood vessels, thus causing an increase
in blood flow to the tissues.
Answer
True
False
Question
20
Dead
and injured white blood cells are removed from circulation by the:
Answer
spleen.
tonsils.
red
bone marrow.
kidney.
Thymus.
Question
21
Which
of the following membranes lines the airways and digestive tract?
Answer
serous
cutaneous
membranous
synovial
Mucous
Question
22
When
the amount of thyroxine in the body increases, the basal metabolic rate of the
body also increases.
Answer
True
False
Question
23
Which
of the following would result in passive immunity?
Answer
vaccination
past
occurrence of an infection or disease
production
of memory cells
movement
of antibodies across the placenta from mother to child
stimulation
of T cells and B cells by an antigen
Question
24
Restriction
enzymes are used in genetic engineering to cut DNA between specific base pairs
in a DNA strand, resulting in DNA segments that are then used for further study
and analysis.
Answer
True
False
Question
26
Vasoconstriction
and vasodilation of blood vessels are caused by a number of factors including:
Answer
emotions
closing/opening
of precapillary sphincters
hormones
nervous
stimulation
all
of the above
Question
27
In
some cases, why doesn’t the immune system recognize and destroy a cancer?
Answer
Cancer
cells that produce abnormal antigens sometimes shed them.
Cancer
cells have less surface receptors needed for proper activation of T cells.
Cancer
cells have enough “self” surface markers as to be identified as
normal cells.
Cancer
cells develop from normal cells that cannot regulate cell division.
all
of the above
Question
28
Which
term describes an active, orderly process for eliminating genetically damaged
or dead cells without inflammatory reactions?
Answer
Necrosis
Apoptosis
Mitosis
Fibrosis
Question
29
When
a blood pressure is taken by a medical professional, the pressure in the main
veins is recorded.
Answer
True
False
Question
31
Which
of the following is an oligosaccharide?
Answer
glucose
DNA
maltose
starch
Ribose
Question
32
Which
of the following is not true regarding arrhythmias?
Answer
One
type, known as ventricular fibrillation, is the leading cause of cardiac death
in people who are otherwise in good health.
An
artificial pacemaker can sometimes be used to correct this condition.
All
forms of arrhythmias are considered serious medical conditions.
Arrhythmias
can occur when heart muscle becomes damaged.
An
ECG can be used to diagnose this condition.
Question
33
Hemolytic
disease of the newborn could result from which of the following situations?
Answer
mom
is Rh+; fetus is Rh-
mom
is Rh-; fetus is Rh+
mom
is Rh+; fetus is Rh+
mom
is Rh-; fetus is Rh-
either
C or D
Question
34
Cyanide
is the most acutely toxic substance known.
Answer
True
False
Question
35
The
first successful treatment of a human genetic disorder through gene therapy was
with a disorder known as:
Answer
severe
combined immunodeficiency disease.
diabetes
mellitus.
human
dwarfism.
hemophilia.
acquired
immune deficiency syndrome.
Question
36
Which
of the following best explains how water moves freely across a plasma membrane?
Answer
Because
of the charges on phospholipids, water moves directly through the phosopholipid
bilayer.
Water
is brought into the cell by endocytosis and released by exocytosis.
Because
water is so important to a cell, it is actively transported across the
membrane.
Water
moves through protein-lined channels in the plasma membrane.
The
passage of water across a plasma membrane requires facilitated transport.
Question
37
Muscle
cells store energy in the form of ________ until it is used for the production
of ATP.
Answer
glucose
starch
glycogen
fat
Sucrose
Question
38
The
more buffers present in a body fluid, the less stable the pH will be.
Answer
True
False
Question
39
Which
of the following is not true of influenza viruses?
Answer
All
strains of influenza virus are highly pathogenic.
The
influenza virus genome contains RNA rather than DNA.
Nutritional
factors affect the ability of the influenza virus to cause infection.
The
relationship between virus and host depends partially on haemaglutinin present
on the viral surface.
Question
40
Which
of the following diseases is caused by a virus?
Answer
rabies
Lyme
disease
syphilis
toxic
shock syndrome
Tuberculosis
Question
41
Why
do some physicians advise patients with a bladder infection to drink a lot of
cranberry juice?
Answer
Cranberry
juice contains chemicals that kill viruses and bacteria.
The
increased volume of fluid in the bladder causes bacterial cells to burst as
they absorb the excess fluid.
Cranberry
juice makes the urine more acidic, decreasing the rate at which microorganisms
can grow and reproduce.
Cranberry
juice increases the efficiency of urine production by the kidneys.
all
of the above
Question
42
Pharmaceutical
companies prefer to genetically engineer large animals with human genes because
it may be possible to obtain large amounts of the resulting protein from the
animals’:
Answer
milk.
fur.
blood.
meat.
Bones.
Question
43
Not
only does science involve gaining knowledge about the natural world, it also
involves the process of obtaining that knowledge.
Answer
True
False
Question
44
Translocation
occurs when a piece of chromosome breaks off and is lost.
Answer
True
False
Question
45
Which
of the following best describes an angiogram?
Answer
an
x-ray picture of blood vessels
a
recording of heart sounds
use
of a balloon to widen an artery
a
sensation of pain in the chest associated with poor blood circulation to the
heart
a
recording of the electrical activity of the heart
Question
46
Which
of the following body fluids is not known to transmit HIV from human to human?
Answer
blood
semen
saliva
vaginal
fluid
breast
milk
Question
47
An
increased risk for cardiovascular health problems is associated with:
Answer
an
elevated level of hemoglobin.
high
blood levels of HDLs.
decreased
production of albumins.
high
blood levels of LDLs.
low
blood levels of LDLs.
Question
48
The
process by which the blastocyst becomes buried within the endometrial lining of
the uterus is:
Answer
fertilization.
implantation.
morphogenesis.
differentiation
embryonic
development.
Question
49
Which
of the following is true regarding lung cancer?
Answer
Symptoms
include chest pain, chronic cough, and wheezing.
Lung
cancer may be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation.
This
type of cancer typically takes many years to develop.
Problems
associated with lung cancer include inadequate exchange of gases in the alveoli
and impairment of blood flow in the pulmonary blood vessels.
all
of the above
Question
50
State-level
data on seasonal influenza are general, qualitative reports from state and
territorial epidemiologists, summarizing weekly influenza activity, rather than
specific numbers of infections.
Answer
True
False
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