Solved by a verified expert:Introduction Read the Introduction section of this paper. You may not fully understand the terminology used in the Introduction, but you should understand enough to get a general sense of what information is conveyed in the Introduction. Answer the following questions.What is the purpose of the literature review in the Introduction?What is different about the research in this study than that of other researchers on the same topic? I.e., what are the gaps in the present research that these researchers wish to fill?What is the general research question of these researchers?What is their specific hypothesis? I.e. what experiments did they set out to do?In the literature review, what types of statements have citations following them, and which do not seem to require citations?As a practice with citations, below is a paragraph from a different paper. Based on the answers you gave in questions 5 above, place a #1 at the end of the first statement that requires a citation. Place a #2 at the end of the second statement that requires citation. Place a #3 at the end of the third statement that requires citation, etc. Do this for each instance. (1 mark for each correct citation)Explain the purpose of the Materials and Methods sectionIf you are familiar with this area of research, should you be able to pick up this paper and replicate the experiment?Are the materials presented separately as a list of items and chemicals to be used?Are the methods presented as a list of steps? Given your answers to questions 3 and 4, how would you describe the presentation of the materials and methods section?Are there any experimental results given in the Materials and Methods section?Is there any literature review given in the Materials and Methods section?In the Materials and Method section of this paper where the authors are describing how they regulated soil temperatures they state “see Cheng et al., 2000 for detailed description”. Why do you think that is so?Results Section (1 point each unless otherwise indicated = 11 Points)Some papers have separate Results and Discussion sections and some have combined Results and Discussion sections. It usually depends on the requirements of the journal that publishes the article. Here, the journal “Environmental and Experimental Botany” has separate sections. Therefore, you are asked to assess the contents of these sections separately.Read the Results section of the paper assigned, and answer the following questions:Explain the purpose of the Results section and what should be included here.In this section, how are data presented?Do you see the same data presented in both Tables and Figures?Is it sufficient to present all results in either Tables or Figures, or do you need descriptive text as well?What is the purpose of the descriptive text in the Results section?Are there any methodological statements (i.e. statements that explain how the experiment was done) in the Results section?When looking at Table 1 of this paper, how did the authors indicate p values ? 0.05? (a statistical term used to denote statistically-significant results). Is this useful to the reader?Using Figure 1A and the letters ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘ab’ as provided on the graph, indicate which bar of the graph the authors are referring to in the first paragraph of the Results section when they state:The high-light treatment increased A by 41% at the current Tsoilbut had no significant effect on A at the elevated TsoilIn the low-light treatment, elevated Tsoil increased A by 18%No significant effect of elevated Tsoil on A was found in the high-light treatmentalthough A appears to have decreasedIn question 8, what does A represent? (½ mark)In the second paragraph of the Results section, the authors state “No interactions among light, Tsoil, and [CO2] or between Tsoil …… were significant. (Table1)” As a reader looking at Table 1, how do you know this is true?
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