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Exam
Name___________________________________
MATCHING. Choose the
item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match each definition in the first column to the correct
term in the second column.
1)
A specific type of neuron that
conducts information toward the brain
and spinal cord from a sensory
receptor.
2)
The junction between a neuron and
another cell.
3)
The short branching projections of a
neuron, which provide surface area
for sending and receiving signals from
other cells.
4)
Specific neurons that carry
information away from the brain and
spinal cord to an effector such as a
muscle or a gland.
5)
A single, long extension of a neuron’s
cell body that functions to transmit an
incoming message or impulse.
A)
Synapse
B)
Sensory neuron
C)
Motor neuron
D)
Dendrite
E)
Axon
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
6)
Which one of the following ions outside the neuron would
make it very difficult for a
depolarization to occur?
6)
A)
chloride
B)
sodium
C)
potassium
D)
manganese
7)
The specialized membrane proteins that actively transport
sodium and potassium ions across the
plasma membrane are known as the ________.
7)
A)
sodium pump
B)
sodium
–
manganese pump
C)
sodium
–
potassium pump
D)
sodium
–
chloride pump
8)
Which of the following is a chemical signal that diffuses
across the gap between adjacent neurons
to convey a message to the next cell?
8)
A)
neurotransmitter
B)
dendrite
C)
synapse
D)
action potential
9)
Which of these diseases involves the destruction of the
myelin sheath on certain neurons within the
brain and spinal cord?
9)
A)
Parkinson’s disease
B)
Alzheimer’s disease
C)
depression
D)
multiple sclerosis
1
10)
Sodium and potassium ions cross the neuron’s membrane to
cause which of the following
processes?
10)
A)
transmission
B)
action potential
C)
refractory period
D)
passive transport
11)
Samara is an astronaut in deep space away from gravity. How
could her urine move away from the
kidneys and to the bladder in such a situation?
11)
A)
skeletal muscle movements
B)
peristalsis
C)
bladder suction pressure
D)
the Valsalva maneuver
12)
Which of the following is a hormone that regulates the
reabsorption of sodium by the distal
convoluted tubules and collecting ducts?
12)
A)
aldosterone
B)
ADH
C)
ANP
D)
angiotensin
13)
Urinalysis shows that Marianne has large amounts of protein
in her urine. The area of the nephron
that must be malfunctioning is the ________.
13)
A)
glomerulus
B)
loop of the nephron
C)
distal convoluted tubule
D)
collecting duct
14)
The filtrate moves out of the glomerular capsule to the
________ and then to the loop of the
nephron.
14)
A)
proximal convoluted tubule
B)
juxtaglomerular apparatus
C)
renal pelvis
D)
collecting duct
15)
One of the most significant complications associated with
kidney failure is ________.
15)
A)
an inability to regulate blood volume
B)
edema
C)
an inability to regulate blood pH
D)
All of the above are significant complications.
16)
You just drank several glasses of lemonade, which is highly
acidic. Which of the following will
occur in your urine?
16)
A)
The pH of your urine will decrease.
B)
Your urine will contain a lot of bicarbonate ions.
C)
The pH of your urine will increase.
D)
There will not be any major changes to the urine.
17)
Which of the following would
not
be reabsorbed
(removed from the filtrate and returned to the
blood) at the proximal convoluted tubule?
17)
A)
glucose
B)
creatinine
C)
urea
D)
bicarbonate
18)
A patient has a tumor that causes her to secrete an excess
amount of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
You would expect that the excessive level of ADH will
ultimately cause ________.
18)
A)
decreased blood pressure
B)
increased ventilation rate
C)
an increase in urine volume
D)
increased blood pressure
2
MATCHING. Choose the
item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match each definition in the first column to the correct
term in the second column.
19)
An excretory organ involved with
filtration of body fluids and the
elimination of nitrogenous wastes.
20)
Tube
–
like structures that are lined
with muscle and function to transport
urine from the kidneys to the urinary
bladder.
21)
If this muscular tube were to become
blocked, urine could not be expelled to
the outside of the body.
22)
When we wish to examine the urine to
determine a patient’s health, we
perform this test.
23)
These are the functional units of the
kidney and are responsible for the
formation of urine.
A)
Nephrons
B)
Urethra
C)
Ureters
D)
Kidneys
E)
Urinalysis
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
24)
This enzyme will break down starch into smaller subunits.
24)
A)
lipase
B)
pepsin
C)
renin
D)
amylase
25)
The stomach begins chemical digestion of which of these
substances?
25)
A)
fats
B)
sugars
C)
proteins
D)
carbohydrates
26)
This digestive organ absorbs water from indigestible food
residue, stores feces, and eliminates feces
from the body.
26)
A)
large intestine
B)
rectum
C)
small intestine
D)
stomach
27)
Chyme travels from the stomach to which specific structure?
27)
A)
duodenum
B)
pancreas
C)
large intestine
D)
jejunum
28)
If a gallstone were to block the bile duct, which type of
food would become more difficult to digest?
28)
A)
starch
B)
fat
C)
protein
D)
sugar
29)
A hormone released in the small intestine that stimulates
the pancreas to release digestive enzymes
and the gallbladder to release bile is known as ________.
29)
A)
gastrin
B)
vasoactive intestinal peptide
C)
cholecystokinin
D)
secretin
30)
Which of the following is a J
–
shaped muscular sac that serves in the temporary storage of
masticated food while digestive enzymes and HCl are released
to digest proteins?
30)
A)
large intestines
B)
stomach
C)
esophagus
D)
colon
3
31)
A 60
–
year
–
old having frequent constipation runs a greater risk of this
condition.
31)
A)
peptic ulcer
B)
diverticulitis
C)
diarrhea
D)
appendicitis
32)
Stratified squamous epithelium is tissue that can take a lot
of physical wear and tear, but compared
with some other tissues, it does not absorb water
–
soluble materials well. Which of the following is
least
likely to be lined by stratified squamous epithelium?
32)
A)
esophagus
B)
small intestine
C)
anus
D)
mouth
MATCHING. Choose the
item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match each definition in the first column to the correct
term in the second column.
33)
This organ in the digestive system
functions to store food and break
down proteins before transferring
chyme to the duodenum.
34)
A muscular tube that absorbs water
and some nutrients and stores waste
material.
35)
Three pairs of glands that secrete
fluids, moisten and lubricate food, and
contain digestive enzymes that
hydrolyze starches.
36)
Samantha drank a lot of alcohol over
many years and now suffers from this
fatty degeneration of the liver.
37)
The region of the large intestine that
when stretched stimulates the
defecation reflex and allows for the
passage of feces.
A)
Stomach
B)
Rectum
C)
Large intestine
D)
Cirrhosis
E)
Salivary glands
33)
34)
35)
36)
37)
SHORT ANSWER. Write
the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
38)
Food is sent along the GI tract by means of a wavelike
process called ________.
38)
39)
Each time Cyrus drinks milk, he develops gas, bloating, and
abdominal discomfort. Cyrus
is probably ________.
39)
40)
Most nutrient absorption occurs in the ________, a major
organ of the digestive system.
40)
41)
________ is a product of the liver. It contains water, ions,
cholesterol, pigments, and salts
that help in the digestion of lipids.
41)
4
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED2
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