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Quiz unit 7 (Chapter 8)
Which of the following statements is NOT important to
Darwin’s theory of natural selection?
Offspring tend to inherit
characteristics acquired by their parents during their lifetimes.
None of the above choices is
correct; all are important to his theory.
All species have the ability to
produce more offspring than can live and reproduce.
Variation is found in all
natural populations.
Some variation found in natural
populations is heritable.
2.
Evolution is defined as
a change in a physical trait of
an individual during its lifetime.
a change in the frequency of
alleles in a population over time.
survival of the fittest.
a change in the frequency of a
physical trait in a population over time.
a progressive “ladder” of
changes from the most primitive organisms to the most advanced organisms.
3.
When a sudden change in the environment, such as a flood
or fire, reduces the size of a population, the survivors’ collective gene
pool will be only a limited representation of what was present before the
disaster. This phenomenon is called the
Hardy-Weinberg effect.
culling effect.
founder effect.
bottleneck effect.
genetic load.
4.
Artificial selection was used on corn to produce a single
strain of corn with increased growth rates and greater resistance to a
fungus. Although farmers have continued to select for these traits, the
productivity of this strain is no longer increasing. This suggests that
the population size has been
decreasing.
artificial selection is not as
strong as natural selection.
long-term disruptive selection
may lead to speciation.
gene migration is a major
evolutionary agent in corn.
all or most of the natural
variation for these traits has been eliminated.
5.
Many mosquito populations today are resistant to
pesticides that were historically effective. This pesticide resistance arose
in these populations because
the pesticides caused mutations
in the DNA of mosquitoes that conferred resistance phenotypes, and these
mutations were passed on to subsequent generations.
individual mosquitoes build up
immunity to the pesticides after exposure.
some individuals were resistant
to the pesticides before they were used, and those mosquitoes were more
likely to survive and reproduce.
these populations were outside
the range of the original pesticide application.
populations had to develop
tolerance in order to survive.
6.
Natural selection can only act on traits that
are adaptive.
are acquired in an individual’s
lifetime.
confer a reproductive advantage.
reduce mortality.
are heritable.
7.
Which of the following is the best measure of an
organism’s fitness?
how long it lives
its size, compared with other
members of the same species
the number of fertile offspring
it produces
the number of mutations it
acquires in its lifetime
the amount of care it receives
from its parents
8.
Convergent evolution can occur only when two species
have a recent common ancestor.
live in the same geographic
area.
evolve under similar selective
forces.
are both inedible to predators.
are separated by a barrier such
as a new river.
9.
Adaptation:
a. refers both to the process by
which organisms become better matched to their environment and to the
features of an organism that make it more fit than other individuals.
b. cannot occur in environments influenced
by humans.
c. is possible only when there
is no mutation.
d. is responsible for the fact
that porcupines are at an unusually high risk of predation.
e. occurs for physical traits
but not behaviors.
10.
Disruptive selection occurs when
selection occurs against the
extreme ends of a trait’s distribution.
low-ranking, “sneaker” males
disrupt the mating between a dominant female and a male.
individuals with extreme values
of a trait have greater fitness than individuals with intermediate values
of the trait.
individuals with one extreme
value of a trait have greater fitness than individuals with the other
extreme value of the trait.
directional selection is
impossible due to a depletion of genetic variation.
11.
Which of the following is not a source of evidence
demonstrating the occurrence of evolution?
molecular biology
comparative anatomy
fossil record
biogeography
everything listed is evidence
demonstrating the occurrence of evolution
12.
Most mutations are
found in the cytoplasm.
responsible for gene flow.
beneficial or neutral to the
organism in which the mutation takes place.
accounted for by the
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
random with respect to the
environmental needs of the organism in which the mutation takes place.
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