Solved by a verified expert:Question
1 of 30
According to __________, energy
cannot be created or destroyed.

Aristotle’s first principle

the first law of thermodynamics

the second law of thermodynamics

the third law of thermodynamics

Einstein’s law of relativity

Question
2 of 30
Which one of the following processes
is endergonic?

the burning of wood

the release of heat from the
breakdown of glucose

the synthesis of glucose from
carbon dioxide and water

the breakdown of glucose

cellular respiration

Question
3 of 30
Anything that prevents ATP formation
will most likely

result in cell death.

force the cell to rely on lipids
for energy.

result in the conversion of
kinetic energy to potential energy.

force the cell to rely on ADP for
energy.

have no effect on the cell.

Question
4 of 30
Which one of the following is true
about the ATP molecule?

It contains two phosphate groups.

Extremely stable bonds link the
second and third phosphate groups.

It contains the six-carbon sugar
hexose.

It contains a nitrogenous base
molecule called adenine.

None of the choices are correct.

Question
5 of 30
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction,

it lowers the activation energy of
the reaction.

it raises the activation energy of
the reaction.

it becomes a product.

it acts as a reactant.

None of the choices are correct.

Question
6 of 30
Which one of the following is false?

An enzyme’s function depends on
its three-dimensional shape.

Enzymes are very specific for
certain substrates.

Enzymes are used up in chemical
reactions.

Enzymes emerge unchanged from the
reactions they catalyze.

An enzyme binds to its substrate
at the enzyme’s active site.

Question
7 of 30
Which of the following is a
coenzyme?

zinc

Vitamin B6

iron

iodine

hydrogen ions

Question
8 of 30
Bacterial production of the enzymes
needed for the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan declines with increasing
levels of tryptophan and increases as tryptophan levels decline. This is an
example of

competitive inhibition.

noncompetitive inhibition.

feedback inhibition.

positive feedback.

irreversible inhibition.

Question
9 of 30
The second law of thermodynamics
states that____________.

energy can be transformed into
matter and, because of this, we can get something for nothing.

energy can be destroyed only
during nuclear reactions, such as those that occur inside the sun.

if energy is gained by one region
of the universe, another place in the universe also must gain energy to
maintain the balance of nature.

energy tends to become
increasingly dispersed and unusable.

Question
10 of 30
ATP is

the energy currency of a cell

produced by the destruction of ADP

expended in the process of
photosynthesis

produced during the
phosphorylation of any organic compound

Question
11 of 30
Which statement about energy
transformations is true?

In energy transformations, energy
is conserved or recycled.

Living organisms decrease entropy
in the universe as energy is transformed from light to chemical energy.

Energy is constantly being created
in the universe.

Entropy is constantly increasing
in the universe.

Energy transformations decrease
entropy in the universe.

Question
12 of 30
The active site of an enzyme

is where the coenzyme is located.

is a specific bulge or
protuberance on an enzyme.

is a groove or crevice on the
structure of the enzyme.

will react with only one substrate
no matter how many molecules may resemble the shape of the substrate.

rigidly resists any alteration of
its shape.

Question
13 of 30
The term anaerobic
means

without bacteria.

without ATP.

without CO2.

with O2.

without O2.

Question
14 of 30
The processes of photosynthesis and
cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some
energy is

lost in the form of heat.

created in the form of heat.

used to create light.

All of the choices are correct.

None of the choices are correct.

Question
15 of 30
Which one of the following
statements is false? Cellular respiration

consumes glucose.

is a single chemical reaction with
just one step.

produces water.

produces carbon dioxide.

releases heat.

Question
16 of 30
During cellular respiration, the
energy in glucose

becomes stored in molecules of
ammonia.

is used to manufacture glucose.

is released all at once.

is carried by electrons.

None of the choices are correct.

Question
17 of 30
Oxidation is the __________, and
reduction is the __________.

gain of electrons; loss of
electrons

loss of electrons; gain of
electrons

loss of oxygen; gain of oxygen

gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen

gain of protons; loss of protons

Question
18 of 30
Pyruvate

forms at the end of glycolysis.

is the molecule that starts the
citric acid cycle.

is the end product of oxidative
phosphorylation.

is the end product of
chemiosmosis.

is a six-carbon molecule.

Question
19 of 30
During cellular respiration, glucose
is converted into two pyruvic acid molecules. These molecules

are each converted into a
two-carbon molecule joined to a coenzyme A molecule.

each lose a carbon atom, which is
released as CO2.

together contain less chemical
energy than was found in the original glucose molecule.

are oxidized.

All of the choices are correct.

Question
20 of 30
The end products of the citric acid
cycle include all of the following except

CO2

pyruvic acid.

ATP.

NADH.

FADH2.

Question
21 of 30
Which of the following statements
about the inner mitochondrial membrane is false?

ATP synthase is associated with
it.

It plays a role in the production
of pyruvic acid.

Electron carriers are associated
with it.

It is involved in chemiosmosis.

A gradient of H+exists
across it.

Question
22 of 30
Bacteria that are unable to survive
in the presence of oxygen are called

strict anaerobes.

aerobes.

facultative anaerobes.

chemosynthetic bacteria.

microaerophiles.

Question
23 of 30
Muscle soreness associated with
strenuous exercise is at least partly due to

an excess of ATP that builds up
during vigorous exercise.

the presence of lactate and other
metabolites produced during fermentation in muscle cells.

the large amount of carbon dioxide
that builds up in the muscle.

the accumulation of alcohol from
anaerobic respiration.

None of the choices are correct.

Question
24 of 30
The terms “cristae” and “matrix” are
associated with which cellular function(s)?

Glycolysis and oxidative
phosphorylation

Krebs cycle and oxidative
phosphorylation

Glycolysis and Krebs cycle

Glycolysis only

Oxidative phosphorylation only

Question
25 of 30
Which of the following statements
about glycolysis is correct?

Glycolysis occurs in the
mitochondria.

Glycolysis happens to glucose
only.

Glycolysis results in the
production of citric acid and occurs in the Golgi body.

Glycolysis results in the
production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question
26 of 30
During respiration, the greatest
amount of ATP is produced during

glycolysis.

acetyl-CoA formation.

the Krebs cycle.

oxidative phosphorylation.

Question
27 of 30
The location of the electron
transport system in eukaryotic cells is

on the inner membrane of the
mitochondria.

on the inner membrane of the
chloroplasts.

throughout the cytoplasm of the
cell.

on the inner portion of the plasma
membrane.

Question
28 of 30
The major function of the inner
membrane of the mitochondrion is the production of ATP. To carry out this
function, the mitochondrion must have all of the following except

membrane-bound electron transfer
chains.

*

enzymes for glycolysis.

ATP synthase enzymes imbedded in
the membrane.

enzymes for the Krebs cycle.

Question
29 of 30
The oxygen we breathe in is needed
for the process of respiration. Which of the following is the major role of
oxygen in respiration?

Oxygen is needed to start
glycolysis.

Oxygen carries electrons to the
electron transfer chains in the mitochondria.

Oxygen is the final electron
acceptor at the end of the electron transfer chain.

Oxygen combines with free carbons
to form carbon dioxide.

Question
30 of 30
The term “phosphorylation”
refers to the

use of an enzyme to break down
ATP.

transfer of a phosphate to a
substrate – like ADP.

taking away of phosphate molecules
from enzymes.

second law of thermodynamics
relating to phosphorous function.

subtraction of a phosphate from a
substr