Solved by a verified expert:Exercise 8,
Human Genetics
Activity 1, Understanding
genetics through chromosome analysis, #1-4
1.
Figure 8-1 shows an example of a female karyotype.
Are
there 46 total chromosomes? _____
How
many pairs of autosomes are in the karyotype? _____
How
many pairs of sex chromosomes? _____
2.
Examine the homologous pair of sex chromosomes (Figure 8-1). Is there a visible
difference between the maternal and paternal chromosomes? ______. Explain.
3.
Figure 8-2 shows an example of a male karyotype.
Are
there 46 total chromosomes? _____
How
many pairs of autosomes are in the karyotype? _____
How
many pairs of sex chromosomes? _____
4.
Is there a visible difference between the X and Y chromosomes? _____ Explain.
Activity 2, Abnormal
karyotypes, #1 and 3
1.
In your report, include the following information:
Gender
of patient: _________________
Description
of any chromosomal abnormalities present in the karyotype: __________________
Name
of abnormality (if present): ___________________
3.
Would it be possible for the person who provided the karyotype in figure 8-5 to
have a daughter with Down Syndrome if he or she had a spouse with a normal
karyotype? Explain.
Activity 3, Relationship
of chromosomes, genes, and alleles, #1-5
1.
Which of the above genotypes represents an individual who is homozygous for the
melanin trait? ______
2.
Which of the genotypes listed in question one contains one maternal allele and
one paternal allele? Explain.
3.
Which genotype(s) listed in question one represent(s) an individual that is
heterozygous? _____
4.
Would there be a phenotypic difference between AA and Aa when the genes are
expressed? Explain.
5.
Which genotype listed in question one represents a person who is an albino?
Explain.
Activity 4, Determining
inheritance by combining alleles, #1-7
1.
Based on your knowledge of dominant and recessive alleles, fill in the
phenotypes for each allele combination.
Genotypes
Phenotypes
AA
Aa
aa
2.
Combine the appropriate alleles to complete the other three boxes in the
Punnett Square.
A
a
A
AA
a
What
is the probability that this couple could have an albino child?
3.
If this couple does have an albino child, what is the probability they could
have a second albino child? Explain.
4.
If this couple has a child with normal skin color, is there any possibility
that this normal child could have an albino baby? Explain.
5.
Is he correct in his assumption? Explain.
6.
What are the genotypes of all the individuals mentioned in the problem?
Genotypes:
Steve _____ Steve’s Mom _____ Steve’s Dad _____ Marilyn _____
7.
What is the probability that Steve and Marilyn could have an albino child?
Probability
of an albino child: _____
Probability
of a child with normal skin color: _____
Exercise 9, Molecular Genetics
Activity 1, Building a DNA
model, #1-8
1.
Table 9-1, DNA Color Codes
Gummy
Bear Color
DNA
base
5.
Your DNA model contains a total of _____ bases.
6.
How many triplets are present along the left side of the DNA molecule you made?
______
7.
What is the last triplet on the right side of the DNA model? _____
8.
If you were comparing your DNA to a classmate’s DNA, would you use the same
bases to construct the DNA molecule? Explain.
Activity 2, Transcription,
#1-5
1. Complete Table 9-2 by entering the
appropriate bases.
DNA
base
mRNA
base
A
C
T
G
2.
Looking at Figure 9-2 (next page), you can see that column one contains the DNA
sequence found along one side of a double helix. Fill in the appropriate mRNA
sequence in the second column.
Figure
9-2
1
2
3
DNA
mRNA
Amino
Acids
A
T
G
T
A
T
G
T
T
T
T
G
A
C
G
G
G
A
G
A
C
C
C
C
3.
The mRNA code is composed of a sequence of three bases along the mRNA molecule.
The three bases are referred to as a codon.
ATG
is the first triplet on the DNA sequence. What is the corresponding codon?
_____
4.
How many codons does your mRNA strand contain? _____
5.
What is the base sequence of the fourth codon of your mRNA? _____
Activity 3, Translation
and protein synthesis, #1-5
1.
Fill in column three of Figure 9-2 with the correct amino acids.
2.
How many amino acids does your protein contain? _____
3.
What is the sixth amino acid in the polypeptide chain? _____
4.
If the sixth triplet read GAA instead of GGA, would the sequence of amino acids
change? Explain.
5.
If the sixth triplet read GGC instead of GGA, would the sequence of amino acids
change? Explain.
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