Solved by a verified expert:Procedures1ADetermine the various characters expressed in your phenotype.Record whether the student is positive or negative for the following traits.(Note: For blood type, record the student’s blood type instead of whether thestudent possesses the trait.) These results are the phenotypes. Blood type: A,B, or O (Record blood type.)Widow’s peakFree ear lobesTongue rollingHitchhiker’s thumbLeft thumb dominanceLittle finger bendPTC tasterMid-digit hairFacial dimplesFrecklesCleft chinBList the possible genotype/s for each trait from Part A.CSelect three traits to investigate further. Record whether the parents alsopossess the traits or not. Then, create Punnett squares to see what thepossible genotypes and phenotypes would be for the trait in children born tothe student’s parents. For example, if the student has a widow’s peak, it is adominant trait. The student’s Mom also has a widow’s peak, but the student’sDad does not. Knowing that the absence of a widow’s peak is recessive, thestudent’s Dad’s genotype must be ww. Since a widow’s peak is a dominanttrait, the student’s Mom’s genotypes could be Ww or WW. Therefore todetermine possible presence of a widow’s peak in the children, the studentwill create two Punnett squares – one with a cross of ww x WW and a secondwith a cross of ww and Ww. Record the results in the form of a ratio orpercent chance of the trait being present in children with each cross.DCreate a karyotype of an unknown individual’s chromosomes presented byclicking on the activity below. Be sure to record the case number provided asit will be needed later. If the image does not load properly or thechromosomes are difficult to match due to the size, please click on the linkat the top of the activity and print off the chromosomes. To construct thekaryotype, observe the chromosomes for similarities and match them bypairs of two. Drag the first two chromosomes that match into the firstwindow. When constructing karyotypes, the homologous chromosomesshould begin with the largest chromosome pair in the first window. Placesubsequent pairs in the windows according to the next largest size. Thereshould be a total of 22 pairs of matching chromosomes; the twenty-third pairof chromosomes determines the sex of the individual. If using printedchromosomes, each chromosome should be cut out and then matched withthe corresponding chromosome. The chromosome pairs should be taped orglued to a clean sheet of 8 x 11 inch printer paper, with pairs arrangedfrom largest to smallest. Once the karyotype is constructed, identify the sexof the individual, as well as the chromosomal disorder they have. Note: Notall individuals will have a chromosomal disorder.ECreate a Punnett square that determines the probability of male offspringhaving hemophilia when the father has hemophilia (Y Xh) and the mother isa carrier (XH Xh). Record the results.Assessing Your LearningCompose answers to the questions below in Microsoft Word and save thefile as a backup copy in the event that a technical problem is encounteredwhile attempting to submit the assignment. Make sure to run a spell check.Copy each answer from Microsoft Word by simultaneously holding downthe Ctrl and A keys to select the text, and then simultaneously holding downthe Ctrl and C keys to copy it. Then, click the link on the Lab Preview Pageto open up the online submit form for the laboratory. Paste the answer for thefirst question into the online dialog box by inserting the cursor in the boxand simultaneously holding down the Ctrl and V keys. The answer shouldnow appear in the box. Repeat the process for each question. Review allwork to make sure that all of the questions have been completely answeredand then click on the Submit button at the bottom of the page.1abcdefghijklLAB 7List whether the student was positive or negative for each characteristic andinclude whether the characteristic is dominant or recessive. (6 points)Blood typeWidow’s peakFree ear lobesTongue rollingHitchhiker’s thumbLeft thumb dominanceLittle finger bendPTC tasterMid-digit hairFacial dimplesFrecklesCleft chin3aCan the student tell from the blood type if the student is heterozygous orhomozygous? Explain. (5 points)Select a trait of interest.What is the trait? (1 point)b What is the phenotype for the trait? Is this the dominant or recessive allelefor the trait? (2 points)c What are the possible genotypes for the parents? (2 points)d Include the results of one Punnett square, showing a possible combinationbetween alleles for the trait from the parents by filling in the genotypesaccording to the numbers in the square, below.13562784eBased on the cross, what percent of children born to the parents wouldexpress the trait? (1 point)4 Create a Punnett square to determine the possibility of a couple having acolor-blind child if the mother has the recessive trait on one X and the fatheris color-blind. HINT: Use Xb to indicate an X with the color-blindness trait.How many female offspring will be color-blind? How many male offspring?(5 points)5 What was the group number of the student’s karyotype? What was the resultof the student’s karyotype? (Include the sex and the chromosomal disorder, ifapplicable. If there was no chromosomal disorder, the student must state thatthe individual was normal.) (5 points)6 Give an example of a situation in which it is important to create a karyotypefor an individual. Explain. (5 points)7 Genetically speaking, why is it important not to mate with a close relative?Explain. (5 points)8 Does a karyotype tell all of a person’s genetic characteristics? Explain. (5points)9 Why is a photograph of cells in metaphase utilized when constructing akaryotype? (5 points)10 What does it mean to be a carrier of a genetic defective characteristic? Whenmight it be important to know if one is a carrier? (5 points)11 From the hemophilia procedure: (4 points)a What were the possible genotypes of the offspring?b What is the probability of males having hemophilia?c How many females would have hemophilia?d How many carriers would there be?12 Explain why more males tend to suffer from X-linked disorders thanfemales. (5 points)13 The student has a friend that knows the student is taking biology, and she isconfused about her blood type. Her blood type is O, but her dad is A and hermother is B. She asks the student if it is possible for her parents to have achild that is O. Explain the answer to her. (5 points)14 In a flower garden, the gardener has purple and white pansies. He noticesthat a new pansy has sprouted. When it finally flowers, the pansy islavender. Explain how this happened. (5 points)15 With a botanist friend’s help, the gardener decides to cross the lavenderpansy with the white pansy. Will this result in any purple pansies? Explain.(5 points)16 (Application) How might the information gained from this lab pertaining tohuman genetics be useful to a student enrolled in a healthcare relatedprofession? (20 points)
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