Solved by a verified expert:Cell Structure
and Function:Cell Types and
Transport

LAB REPORTASSISTANT

Thisdocumentisnotmeanttobeasubstitute foraformallaboratoryreport.TheLabReport Assistantissimplyasummaryoftheexperiment’squestions,diagramsifneeded,anddatatables
that
shouldbeaddressedinaformallabreport.
Theintentistofacilitatestudents’writing
oflab reports by providing
this informationin an editable
filewhich can be sent to an instructor.

OBSERVATIONS

Data Table 1: Cell
Structures

Prokaryote
Cell Structure

Organism
name:

EukaryoticCell Structure

Organism
name:

Flagella Cell
wall
Capsule or slime layer Nucleoid
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm Ribosome Thylakoid
Endospore

Pseudopodia Cell
membrane

Nucleus Cytoplasm
Contractilevacuole Food
vacuole Endospore

Data
Table 2: DiffusionRate
Comparison

Medium

Beginning
Time, To

End Time, T

Length of Time in hours

= T1– To

Movement ofcolor
inmm

Rate of Diffusion Inmm/ hour

Semisolid
(Gelatin)

Liquid (Water)

1

Data
Table 3: Diffusionthrough
a DifferentiallyPermeable
Membrane

At Beginning of Exercise

…..
At End of Exercise
…..

What
are its
Contents?

What it its initial Color?

What is its final Color?

Benedict’s
Test Color

What are its final contents?

Dialysis
Tubing

NA

Beaker
Water

Exercise1:Prokaryotesand
Eukaryotes-Differences in Cell Structure and Function

RESULTS

1. What
differencesare observed
between
the two cells that were drawn?

2. List
the specificcell part that each cell type possesses to:

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

Escape
from hazardous conditions?

Regulate water content?

Store food?

Reproduce?

QUESTIONS

A. With
which cell type, prokaryote
or eukaryote, are
you most familiar?

B. Which cell type would be most successful in extreme
environments? Why?

C. BecausetheProkaryotebacteriaaregenerally3µmorlessinlengththeymaynotexhibit specific structuresunderacompoundlightmicroscope.Whattypeofmicroscopewouldbea
betterchoice for
viewing bacteria?

D. Researchamoebasonlineandgiveafewexamples
includingwheretheyarefoundandwhat
energy source they use.

E. Discusswhethercyanobacteriaandamoebasarebeneficial
ordetrimentaltohumansandto the environment
in general.

Exercise 2: Eukaryotes – Plant
and
Animal
Cell
Structure and
Function
RESULTS

1. What
differencesare observed
between
the two cells that were drawn?

2. List
the cell part that each cell type
possesses to:

Plant

Animal

Regulate
water
content?

Produce energy to power cell function?

Store food?

Reproduce?

QUESTIONS

A. With which cell type, plant or animal, are you most familiar?

B. Which cell type would be most successful in extreme
environments? Why?

C. OutlinethegeneraldifferencesbetweenplantandanimalcellsinTable1.Thenoutline
the similarities.

Table1: ComparisonofStructure andFunction:
AnimalandPlantCells

Animal
Cells

Plant Cells

Differences:

Similarities:

Exercise 3: Transport of Materials through
Cell
Membranes – An
Example of Passive Transport
QUESTIONS

A. Which
medium exhibited the fastest
rate of diffusion?

B. What
might be reasons to explain the differencesin the rate
of diffusion?

C. Graphthe twosets ofresults
from Table2 onthe same graphusinga computer spreadsheet programandinclude
thisgraphinyourreport.Whyissimultaneous
graphingoftheresultsuseful
here?Whattypeofgraphwouldbestdemonstrateratesofdiffusion
ingelatinversusliquid?Hint:
The graph should show a continuityfrom
To
to T1for both mediums.

DISCUSSION

A. Were
your two hypotheses supported or refuted?

B. How
might the rate of diffusionbe increased? Decreased?

C. How
might this be tested?

D. Why is this exercise
be an example of passive transport?

E. Whymustthespreadofthecoloringinthegelatinbemonitored?Forexample,whycan’tit just
be leftfor 10 hours before
the measurement is taken?

F. Whatwouldbeagraphicmethodtodetectwhentherateofdiffusioninthegelatinwasat maximum
and was beginning to slow?

G. Constructatablethatcomparesyourresultstotheaverageofyourclassmates’results,if available.
Indicate how many classmates’ results
are represented
in the average (N=?). Include it in your report.
Are results similar? If not, what
might explain the differences
in outcomes?

Exercise 4: Transport of Materials through
Cell
Membranes – An
Example of ActiveTransport
QUESTIONS

A. What are
the test substances?

B. Why
did a color change occur in the jar water? What
does the color change indicate?

C. Why
did a color change occur in the dialysis bag? What does the
color change indicate?

D. What
does the Benedict’s reagent
test
detect?
What does the test of the jar water indicate? E.
What
DID NOT diffuseacross
the dialysis bag membrane? Why?

DISCUSSION

A. Was your hypothesis supported or refuted?

B. How
might the dialysis membrane tubing
be similar to a plasma membrane?

C. What
type of transport mechanism does
this exercise simulate?

D. What can be concluded from this exercise?

LABORATORYSUMMARY

What have you
learned from doing this laboratory?