Need research paper revised. Also need highlighted part of the introduction fixed and I also need a better conclusion and more fats and figures added to the paper.I also need correct citations added to quotes and paraphrases. Please look over paper carefully.I’ve uploaded the paper and also the outline. If you need the actual articles i will uploaded also.
new_york_city_over_populated.docx

outline.doc

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LL61-S4
August 3, 2016
New York City Over Populated
New York City is extremely overpopulated, and evidence of this overpopulation can be
viewed in the overcrowded shelters, the overcrowded public schools, and the overcrowded
prisons. This is a representation of the high population in the urban sector that makes people live
in clusters. This document analyses the evidence of overcrowding in the three places.
There is overwhelming evidence that the New York City homeless shelters are
overcrowded especially when the temperatures become significantly small. The low
temperatures drive tens of thousands of the homeless from the city to seek refuge from the cold
anywhere they can find it. During the third week of February 2015, temperatures dropped to two
degrees Fahrenheit in New York City consequently the city Department of Homeless service
declared cold blue emergencies every night for the entire week. Such crises indicate that
homeless shelters should accept anyone who asks for help during the daytime, but most are not
in a capacity to provide beds for those who show up due to crowding. However, during daytime
the population drop in the centers particularly West 30th Street in Manhattan (remove this
sentence or change it). According to one of the homeless, Daniel, a 47-year-old man, explained
that he was staying at a nearby church and told the status of the crowding” the church is crowded
now since, in addition to all the beds filled. They leave it open to let strays come in (Mele).” he
added that those who are not permanently staying are forced to leave even if they do not have a
place to go after there at a particular time. The status is so bad that he recommended a program
where the shelter is provided for the homeless rather than sitting on chairs crowded on top of
each other. During that period, 140 people were housed by the New York City rescue mission
which was double the usual capacity who was forced to lay mats on the floors of the chapel and
chairs were placed in the corridors(Finn). According to the reporter Isaac Finn, the drop in
temperatures leads to overcrowding in New York shelters that forced them to turn away
homeless. This kind of weather never existed before and is estimated to get worse according to
Jamie Boomer who visited the shelter on 30th street. He confessed to having stayed on the road
the whole of January where he did all kinds of things to keep warm, sleeping on trains and
subway stations and even under cars. Because of overcrowding, the violence among people
increases where a man was murdered in a homeless shelter in the month of April and five others
were killed during the year in the full homeless shelter system in New York City and are
pursuing efforts to reduce violence and hence improve conditions.
Public schools of all age groups have been progressively getting more overcrowded as
the years go by. Recent research published by the independent budget office in 2012-2013
academic years indicated that. “Nearly 450,000 students were enrolled in crowded buildings,
defined as those at greater than 102.5 percent capacity, in the 2012-13 school year, the most
recent covered by the report from the agency, the Independent Budget Office” (Baker). Another
report conducted in 2015 showed that most classes had the number of students being 30 and
above which is higher than the standard capacity a teacher should handle. There have been
conflicts however on the call to reduce the size of classes. This has been faced with opposition.
The proponent says that not reducing the class size is jeopardizing students’ education which is
against the law (Chapman and Colangelo). The students are confronted with the challenge of
trying to cope with overcrowding, and this has adverse negative effects on the children/ it
exposes them to problems requiring attention. Overcrowding has been attributed to reasons such
as having several schools in the same location and the reduction in the number of teachers
The third significant indicator of the overcrowding in New York City is the congestion
that occurs in prisons. A great number of people are put in jail each year awaiting their trials. The
system in New York discriminates against the person who can bail themselves out; the money
bail is too high, and this makes even people who have committed minor crimes to be held in jail.
According to their report “New York City officials said about 14% of defendants—45,000
people each year—who go through city courts are held on bail at arraignment. Many end up in
jail waiting for court appearances, even on misdemeanor charges” (Davis O’Brien and
Hackman). This crime should not be treated the same as the violent crimes, and the offenders of
this crimes contribute to the overcrowding unnecessarily. This overcrowding in the prisons leads
to negative adverse effect particularly on the health of individuals. Even though they have
committed crimes, they still have liberty to health like any other citizen. The World Medical
Association states that the prisons in New York are infringing on the health rights of the inmates.
Overcrowding them in jail is harmful to their health. They are still equal to any other human and
do not deserve the treatment they are given at this prisons (Roux-Kemp). The city has however
launched a new program that will ensure that the mental health of the inmates is put into care.
The prison setting could make them have complications in their mental health. Prison developers
also argue that the poor status in the jail is a result of overcrowding and that the life-threatening
conditions could be improved if the number of prisoners at a given moment is reduced
significantly (Darwin 34-40).
In conclusion, overcrowding cases in New York are real and present. They are well
represented in both domestic and public areas. There are solutions to this overcrowding.
However, the stakeholders in these sectors have not been convinced to embrace them. The
problems resulting from overcrowding could be fatal, and life threatening and therefore the
matter need special attention.
Baker, Al. “Public Schools in New York City Are Poorer and More Crowded, Budget Agency
Finds.” The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 2 July 2014. Web. 22 July.
Chapman, Ben, and Lisa L. Colangelo. “More NYC Public Elementary School Students in
Overcrowded Classes, Study Reveals.” New York Daily News. New York Daily News, 21 Nov.
2015. Web. 22 July 2016.
Darwin, Mason C. The Federal Prison Population: Growth and Cost Issues. New York: Nova
Science, 2015. Print.
Davis O’Brien, Rebecca, and Michelle Hackman. “No-Bail Programs Aim To Relieve Jail
Overcrowding.” The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 8 July 2015.
Finn, Isaac. “As Temperatures Drop, Overcrowded New York City Shelters Forced to Turn
Away Homeless.” World Socialist Web Site. International Committee of the Fourth International,
23 Feb. 2015. Web. 21 July 2016.
Mele, Christopher. “Man Sought in Homeless Shelter Death May Have Slashed Cabdriver,
Police Say.” The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 16 Apr. 2016. Web.
Roux-Kemp, Andra Le. Health Law Review. N.p.: n.p., 2013. Print.
LL61 Outline 7/2014
LL61 Research Paper Mini- Outline DUE: _____________________
Name: ___________________________
Date: _________________
Three points:
_overcrowded shelters__________
_overcrowded public schools_____
_overcrowded prisons___________
A. Three-part thesis (one complete sentence only):
New York City is extremely overpopulated, and evidence of this overpopulation can be seen
in the overcrowded shelters, the overcrowded public schools, and the overcrowded prisons.
2
II.
Body Paragraph #1
A. There is overwhelming evidence that the New York City homeless shelters
are overcrowded especially when the temperatures become significantly low.
B. What information will support the point you want to make? What quotes do
you want to use from your research (be sure to highlight them!). What do
you want to paraphrase (be sure to highlight that, too)? Indicate here what
your in-text citations will look like.
Topic sentence: There is overwhelming evidence that the New York City homeless
shelters are overcrowded especially when the temperatures become significantly low.
Now list your supporting information below – SOURCE EVERYTHING! This template
should continue to bullet-point as you go.

According to the reporter Isaac Finn, “As temperatures drop, overcrowded New
York City shelters [were] forced to turn away [the] homeless” (Finn).

“The city’s Department of Homeless Services declared Code Blue emergencies
every night last week. During such emergencies, homeless shelters are required to
accept anyone who asks for help during the day, but most are unable to provide beds
for those who show up” (Finn).

Even though it is mandated for the homeless shelters to let needy citizens in, the
citizens are still not necessarily happy about this. One citizen, Daniel, explains how
uncomfortable this can be by saying “‘They should have a program where shelter is
supplied to the homeless, not where we are sitting on chairs crowded on top of each
other’” (Finn).

These shelters are mandated to allow the homeless in, but they are not required to
provide the homeless beds (Finn).

“Last Thursday, New York City Rescue Mission housed 140 people—double its
usual capacity—and was forced to lay out mats on the chapel floor and place chairs
in the corridors” (Finn).

Because of overcrowding, people can become violent. Evidence of this is that a man
was murdered in a homeless shelter in April, and “Five other people have been killed
this year in New York City’s overcrowded homeless shelter system, which is
pursuing efforts to reduce violence and improve conditions” (Mele).
3
B. What source(s) will you use in this body paragraph? Please use the
basic MLA model below, and then delete THE MODEL .
Finn, Isaac. “As Temperatures Drop, Overcrowded New York City Shelters Forced to Turn
Away Homeless.” World Socialist Web Site. International Committee of the Fourth
International, 23 Feb. 2015. Web. 21 July 2016.
.
Mele, Christopher. “Man Sought in Homeless Shelter Death May Have Slashed Cabdriver,
Police Say.” The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 16 Apr. 2016.
Web. 21 July 2016. .
III.
Body Paragraph #2
A. Public schools of all age groups have been progressively getting more
overcrowded as the years go by.
B. What information will support the point you want to make? What quotes do
you want to use from your research (be sure to highlight them!). What do
you want to paraphrase (be sure to highlight that, too)? Indicate here what
your in-text citations will look like.
Topic sentence: Public schools of all age groups have been progressively getting more
overcrowded as the years go by.
Now list your supporting information below – SOURCE EVERYTHING! This template
should continue to bullet-point as you go.

“Nearly 450,000 students were enrolled in overcrowded buildings, defined as those
at greater than 102.5 percent capacity, in the 2012-13 school year, the most recent
covered by the report from the agency, the Independent Budget Office” (Baker).

“‘By refusing to reduce class sizes, the city is depriving students and also violating
its obligations under the law,’ Lecker said. ‘They’re jeopardizing students’
education’” (Chapman and Colangelo).

4
Elementary school-aged children are “bearing the brunt of the overcrowding”
(Chapman and Colangelo) that is occurring in public schools.

Overcrowding has a particularly negative effect on these younger children since the
high amount of students makes the children more vulnerable to having problems
with paying attention (Chapman and Colangelo).

One of the reasons for overcrowding is the occurrence of co-location, which is
putting more than one school into the same building. The amount of teachers has
been declining, as well (Baker).

Leonie Haimson said that “more than 330,000 students were in classes of 30 or more
last year” (Baker). Thirty is the optimum classroom size.
B. What source(s) will you use in this body paragraph? Please use the
basic MLA model below, and then delete THE MODEL.
Baker, Al. “Public Schools in New York City Are Poorer and More Crowded, Budget
Agency Finds.” The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 2 July 2014.
Web. 22 July 2016.
.
Chapman, Ben, and Lisa L. Colangelo. “More NYC Public Elementary School Students in
Overcrowded Classes, Study Reveals.” New York Daily News. New York Daily
News, 21 Nov. 2015. Web. 22 July 2016.
.
5
IV.
Body Paragraph #3
A. The third big indicator of the overcrowding in New York City is the
overcrowding that occurs in prisons.
B. What information will support the point you want to make? What quotes do
you want to use from your research (be sure to highlight them!). What do
you want to paraphrase (be sure to highlight that, too)? Indicate here what
your in-text citations will look like.
Topic sentence: The third big indicator of the overcrowding in New York City is the
overcrowding that occurs in prisons.
Now list your supporting information below – SOURCE EVERYTHING! This template
should continue to bullet-point as you go.

A lot of people are put in jail in New York City in order to wait for their trials.
“‘Money bail is a problem because—as the system currently operates in New
York—some people are being detained based on the size of their bank account, not
the risk they pose,” Mr. de Blasio said in a statement’” (Davis O’ Brien and
Hackman). A lot of these people have not committed violent crimes, but they just
can’t afford the cost of bail.

When it comes to overcrowding in prisons, “the conditions of overcrowding in the
prison/detention facility had a direct and negative impact on the inmates’ health and
well-being” (Roux-Kemp).

“The World Medical Association unequivocally states that prisoners are entitled to
the same health rights as other people and that the relationship between a prisonerpatient and his/her doctor is governed by the same ethical principles” (Roux-Kemp).

The city of New York should not infringe on the prisoners’ health rights and they
should be the same as anyone’s health rights (Roux-Kemp).

“New York City officials said about 14% of defendants—45,000 people each year—
who go through city courts are held on bail at arraignment. Many end up in jail
awaiting court appearances, even on misdemeanor charges” (Davis O’Brien and
Hackman).

Crimes that are only misdemeanors should not be treated as seriously as felonies or
violent crimes. The people who are detained for only misdemeanors are taking up
unnecessary space in the prisons in New York City. A lot of this space can be
6
opened up for those who have committed more violent and serious crimes (Davis
O’Brien and Hackman).

“The city’s new program is in part a response to concerns about the large number of
inmates in custody with mental-health issues, many of whom, officials said, don’t
belong in jail” (Davis O’Brien and Hackman). The prisoners who have severe
mental health issues, such as depression, will only get further into their mental health
issues when they are in prison.

Prisoners may have made mistakes, but they are still human and should be treated as
such (Roux-Kemp).
B. What source(s) will you use in this body paragraph? Please use the
basic MLA MODEL below, and then delete it.
Davis O’Brien, Rebecca, and Michelle Hackman. “No-Bail Programs Aim To Relieve Jail
Overcrowding.” The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 8 July 2015.
Web. 22 July 2016. .
Roux-Kemp, Andra Le. Health Law Review. N.p.: n.p., 2013. Print.

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