Note: Need answer for two Questions1. Utilizing the topic below, post an original thread of 450 to 550
words each in this week’s discussion forum. (20 points)
You are attending a meeting
with several colleagues discussing how to add network capacity to a remote
building (500m). A more senior systems engineer suggests using fiber channel,
as that is what your company has throughout. Another coworker suggests iSCSI.
In your opinion, who is right and why?
2. Week 4- Exercise Questions
Chap 6 pg. 156 (Exercise
Questions 1,3,5)Note: APA Format With References, No plegarism.
1_1_information_storage_and_management_2.pdf
Unformatted Attachment Preview
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Information Storage and
Management
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Information Storage
and Management
Storing, Managing, and Protecting
Digital Information in Classic,
Virtualized, and Cloud Environments
2nd Edition
Edited by
Somasundaram Gnanasundaram
Alok Shrivastava
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Information Storage and Management: Storing, Managing, and Protecting Digital Information in Classic,
Virtualized, and Cloud Environments 2nd Edition
Published by
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
10475 Crosspoint Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46256
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Copyright © 2012 by EMC Corporation
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
ISBN: 978-1-118-09483-9
ISBN: 978-1-118-22347-5 (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-118-23696-3 (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-118-26187-3 (ebk)
Manufactured in the United States of America
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Proven, EMC Snap, EMC SourceOne, EMC Storage Administrator, Acartus, Access Logix, AdvantEdge,
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About the Editors
Somasundaram Gnanasundaram (Somu) is the director at EMC Education
Services, leading worldwide industry readiness initiatives. Somu is the architect
of EMC’s open curriculum, aimed at addressing the knowledge gap that exists
in the IT industry in the area of information storage and emerging technologies such as cloud computing. Under his leadership and direction, industry
readiness initiatives such as the EMC Academic Alliance program continue
to experience significant growth, educating thousands of students worldwide
on information storage and management technologies. Key areas of Somu’s
responsibility include guiding a global team of professionals, identifying and
partnering with global IT education providers, and setting the overall direction
for EMC’s industry readiness initiatives. Prior to his current role, Somu held
various managerial and leadership roles within EMC as well as with other leading IT service providers. He holds an undergraduate technology degree from
Anna University Chennai, and a Master of Technology degree from the Indian
Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India. Somu has been in the IT industry for
more than 25 years.
Alok Shrivastava is the senior director at EMC Education Services. Alok is
the architect of several of EMC’s successful education initiatives, including the
industry leading EMC Proven Professional program, industry readiness programs such as EMC’s Academic Alliance, and this unique and valuable book
on information storage technology. Alok provides vision and leadership to a
team of highly talented experts, practitioners, and professionals that develops
world-class technical education for EMC’s employees, partners, customers, students, and other industry professionals covering technologies such as storage,
virtualization, cloud, and big data. Prior to his success in education, Alok built
vii
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viii
About the Editors
and led a highly successful team of EMC presales engineers in Asia-Pacific and
Japan. Earlier in his career, Alok was a systems manager, storage manager, and
backup/restore/disaster recovery consultant working with some of the world’s
largest data centers and IT installations. He holds dual Master’s degrees from
the Indian Institute of Technology in Mumbai, India, and the University of Sagar
in India. Alok has worked in information storage technology and has held a
unique passion for this field for most of his 30-year career in IT.
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Credits
Executive Editor
Carol Long
Production Manager
Tim Tate
Project Editor
Tom Dinse
Vice President and Executive
Group Publisher
Richard Swadley
Senior Production Editor
Debra Banninger
Copy Editor
San Dee Phillips
Editorial Manager
Mary Beth Wakefield
Freelancer Editorial Manager
Rosemarie Graham
Associate Director of Marketing
David Mayhew
Marketing Manager
Ashley Zurcher
Business Manager
Amy Knies
Vice President and Executive
Publisher
Neil Edde
Associate Publisher
Jim Minatel
Project Coordinator, Cover
Katie Crocker
Proofreader
Nancy Carrasco
Indexer
Robert Swanson
Cover Designer
Mallesh Gurram, EMC
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Acknowledgments
When we embarked upon the project to develop this book in 2008, the first
challenge was to identify a team of subject matter experts covering the vast
range of technologies that form the modern information storage infrastructure.
A key factor that continues to work in our favor is that at EMC we have the
technologies, the know-how, and many of the best talents in the industry. When
we reached out to individual experts, they were as excited as we were about the
prospect of publishing a comprehensive book on information storage technology. This was an opportunity to share their expertise with professionals and
students worldwide.
This book is the result of efforts and contributions from a number of key EMC
organizations led by EMC Education Services and supported by the office of
CTO, Global Marketing, and EMC Engineering.
The first edition of the book was published in 2009, and the effort was led by
Ganesh Rajaratnam of EMC Education Services and Dr. David Black of the EMC
CTO office. The book continues to be the most popular storage technology book
around the world among professionals and students. In addition to its English
and e-book editions, it is available in Mandarin, Portuguese, and Russian.
With the emergence of cloud computing and the broad adoption of virtualization technologies by the organizations, we felt it is time to update the content to
include information storage in those emerging technologies and also the new
developments in the field of information storage. Ashish Garg of Education
Services led the effort to update content for the second edition of this book. In
addition to reviewing the content, Joe Milardo and Nancy Gessler led the effort
of content review with their team of subject matter experts.
xi
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xii
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the following experts from EMC for their support in developing and reviewing the content for various chapters of this book:
Content contributors:
Rodrigo Alves
Charlie Brooks
Debasish Chakrabarty
Diana Davis
Amit Deshmukh
Michael Dulavitz
Dr. Vanchi Gurumoorthy
Simon Hawkshaw
Anbuselvi Jeyakumar
Sagar Kotekar Patil
Andre Rossouw
Tony Santamaria
Saravanaraj Sridharan
Ganesh Sundaresan
Jim Tracy
Anand Varkar
Dr. Viswanth VS
Content reviewers:
Ronen Artzi
Eric Baize
Greg Baltazar
Edward Bell
Ed Belliveau
Paul Brant
Juergen Busch
Christopher Chaulk
Brian Collins
Juan Cubillos
John Dowd
Roger Dupuis
Deborah Filer
Bala Ganeshan
Jason Gervickas
Jody Goncalves
Jack Harwood
Manoj Kumar
Arthur Johnson
Michelle Lavoie
Tom McGowan
Jeffery Moore
Toby Morral
Wayne Pauley
Peter Popieniuck
Ira Schild
Shashikanth, Punuru
Murugeson Purushothaman
Shekhar Sengupta
Kevin Sheridan
Ed VanSickle
Mike Warner
Ronnie Zubi
Evan Burleigh
We also thank Mallik Motilal of EMC for his support in creating all illustrations; Mallesh Gurram of EMC for the cover design; and the publisher, John
Wiley & Sons, for its timely support in bringing this book to the industry.
— Somasundaram Gnanasundaram
Director, Education Services, EMC Corporation
— Alok Shrivastava
Senior Director, Education Services, EMC Corporation
March 2012
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Contents
Foreword
xxvii
Introduction
xxix
Section I
Storage System
1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Information Storage
1.1 Information Storage
3
4
1.1.1 Data
1.1.2 Types of Data
1.1.3 Big Data
1.1.4 Information
1.1.5 Storage
1.2 Evolution of Storage Architecture
1.3 Data Center Infrastructure
1.3.1 Core Elements of a Data Center
1.3.2 Key Characteristics of a Data Center
1.3.3 Managing a Data Center
Chapter 2
4
6
7
9
9
9
11
11
12
13
1.4 Virtualization and Cloud Computing
Summary
14
15
Data Center Environment
2.1 Application
2.2 Database Management System (DBMS)
2.3 Host (Compute)
17
18
18
19
2.3.1 Operating System
Memory Virtualization
2.3.2 Device Driver
2.3.3 Volume Manager
2.3.4 File System
2.3.5 Compute Virtualization
19
20
20
20
22
25
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xiv
Contents
2.4 Connectivity
2.4.1 Physical Components of Connectivity
2.4.2 Interface Protocols
IDE/ATA and Serial ATA
SCSI and Serial SCSI
Fibre Channel
Internet Protocol (IP)
2.5 Storage
2.6 Disk Drive Components
2.6.1 Platter
2.6.2 Spindle
2.6.3 Read/Write Head
2.6.4 Actuator Arm Assembly
2.6.5 Drive Controller Board
2.6.6 Physical Disk Structure
2.6.7 Zoned Bit Recording
2.6.8 Logical Block Addressing
2.7 Disk Drive Performance
2.7.1 Disk Service Time
Seek Time
Rotational Latency
Data Transfer Rate
2.7.2 Disk I/O Controller Utilization
2.8 Host Access to Data
2.9 Direct-Attached Storage
2.9.1 DAS Benefits and Limitations
2.10 Storage Design Based on Application
Requirements and Disk Performance
2.11 Disk Native Command Queuing
2.12 Introduction to Flash Drives
2.12.1 Components and Architecture of Flash Drives
2.12.2 Features of Enterprise Flash Drives
Chapter 3
27
28
28
29
29
29
29
31
32
32
32
33
33
34
35
36
36
37
37
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
45
46
47
48
2.13 Concept in Practice: VMware ESXi
Summary
48
49
Data Protection: RAID
3.1 RAID Implementation Methods
51
52
3.1.1 Software RAID
3.1.2 Hardware RAID
3.2 RAID Array Components
3.3 RAID Techniques
3.3.1 Striping
3.3.2 Mirroring
3.3.3 Parity
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52
52
53
53
53
55
55
3.4 RAID Levels
57
3.4.1 RAID 0
3.4.2 RAID 1
57
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Contents
3.4.3 Nested RAID
3.4.4 RAID 3
3.4.5 RAID 4
3.4.6 RAID 5
3.4.7 RAID 6
3.5 RAID Impact on Disk Performance
3.5.1 Application IOPS and RAID Configurations
Chapter 4
64
66
66
68
68
Intelligent Storage Systems
4.1 Components of an Intelligent Storage System
71
72
4.2 Storage Provisioning
4.2.1 Traditional Storage Provisioning
LUN Expansion: MetaLUN
4.2.2 Virtual Storage Provisioning
Comparison between Virtual and Traditional
Storage Provisioning
Use Cases for Thin and Traditional LUNs
4.2.3 LUN Masking
4.3 Types of Intelligent Storage Systems
4.3.1 High-End Storage Systems
4.3.2 Midrange Storage Systems
4.4 Concepts in Practice: EMC Symmetrix and VNX
4.4.1 EMC Symmetrix Storage Array
4.4.2 EMC Symmetrix VMAX Component
4.4.3 Symmetrix VMAX Architecture
72
72
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73
75
75
76
77
78
78
79
79
80
82
82
84
84
85
85
86
87
87
88
89
Summary
91
Section II
Storage Networking Technologies
93
Chapter 5
Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks
5.1 Fibre Channel: Overview
5.2 The SAN and Its Evolution
5.3 Components of FC SAN
95
96
97
98
5.3.1 Node Ports
5.3.2 Cables and Connectors
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62
63
63
64
3.6 RAID Comparison
3.7 Hot Spares
Summary
4.1.1 Front End
4.1.2 Cache
Structure of Cache
Read Operation with Cache
Write Operation with Cache
Cache Implementation
Cache Management
Cache Data Protection
4.1.3 Back End
4.1.4 Physical Disk
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Contents
5.3.3 Interconnect Devices
5.3.4 SAN Management Software
5.4 FC Connectivity
5.4.1 Point-to-Point
5.4.2 Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop
5.4.3 Fibre Channel Switched Fabric
FC-SW Transmission
5.5 Switched Fabric Ports
5.6 Fibre Channel Architecture
5.6.1 Fibre Channel Protocol Stack
FC-4 Layer
FC-2 Layer
FC-1 Layer
FC-0 Layer
5.6.2 Fibre Channel Addressing
5.6.3 World Wide Names
5.6.4 FC Frame
5.6.5. Structure and Organization of FC Data
5.6.6 Flow Control
BB_Credit
EE_Credit
5.6.7 Classes of Service
5.7 Fabric Services
5.8 Switched Fabric Login Types
5.9 Zoning
5.9.1 Types of Zoning
5.10 FC SAN Topologies
5.10.1 Mesh Topology
5.10.2 Core-Edge Fabric
Benefits and Limitations of Core-Edge Fabric
5.11 Virtualization in SAN
5.11.1 Block-level Storage Virtualization
5.11.2 Virtual SAN (VSAN)
5.12 Concepts in Practice: EMC Connectrix and EMC VPLEX
5.12.1 EMC Connectrix
Connectrix Switches
Connectrix Directors
Connectrix Multi-purpose Switches
Connectrix Management Tools
5.12.2 EMC VPLEX
VPLEX Family of Products
Chapter 6
102
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105
106
106
107
108
108
108
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109
109
110
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112
112
112
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113
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115
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118
118
119
119
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124
125
125
126
126
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127
127
128
Summary
128
IP SAN and FCoE
6.1 iSCSI
131
132
6.1.1 Components of iSCSI
6.1.2 iSCSI Host Connectivity
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101
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Contents
6.1.3 iSCSI Topologies
Native iSCSI Connectivity
Bridged iSCSI Connectivity
Combining FC and Native iSCSI Connectivity
6.1.4 iSCSI Protocol Stack
6.1.5 iSCSI PDU
6.1.6 iSCSI Discovery
6.1.7 iSCSI Names
6.1.8 iSCSI Session
6.1.9 iSCSI Command Sequencing
6.2 FCIP
6.2.1 FCIP Protocol Stack
6.2.2 FCIP Topology
6.2.3 FCIP Performance and Security
6.3 FCoE
6.3.1 I/O Consolidation Using FCoE
6.3.2 Components of an FCoE Network
Converged Network Adapter
Cables
FCoE Switches
6.3.3 FCoE Frame Structure
FCoE Frame Mapping
6.3.4 FCoE Enabling Technologies
Priority-Based Flow Control (PFC)
Enhanced Transmission Selection (ETS)
Congestion Notification (CN)
Data Center Bridging Exchange Protocol (DCBX)
Chapter 7
142
142
144
144
145
145
147
148
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
154
154
155
Network-Attached Storage
7.1 General-Purpose Servers versus NAS Devices
7.2 Benefits of NAS
7.3 File Systems and Network File Sharing
157
158
159
160
7.4 Components of NAS
7.5 NAS I/O Operation
7.6 NAS Implementations
7.6.1 Unified NAS
7.6.2 Unified NAS Connectivity
7.6.3 Gateway NAS
7.6.4 Gateway NAS Connectivity
7.6.5 Scale-Out NAS
7.6.6 Scale-Out NAS Connectivity
7.7 NAS File-Sharing Protocols
7.7.1 NFS
7.7.2 CIFS
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136
138
138
140
141
Summary
7.3.1 Accessing a File System
7.3.2 Network File Sharing
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Contents
7.8 Factors Affecting NAS Performance
7.9 File-Level Virtualization
7.10 Concepts in Practice: EMC Isilon
and EMC VNX Gateway
7.10.1 EMC Isilon
7.10.2 EMC VNX Gateway
Chapter 8
175
175
176
Summary
177
Object-Based and Unified Storage
8.1 Object-Based Storage Devices
179
180
8.1.1 Object-Based Storage Architecture
8.1.2 Components of OSD
8.1.3 Object Storage and Retrieval in OSD
8.1.4 …
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