Chapter 2 of the text discusses IS governance as a framework which must be in place for an IS strategic plan to be successful (p. 23). Write a 2-3 page APA-formatted paper discussing whom, what and how IS governance should be established. Include at least 2 additional external references besides the course text.no plagiarism,
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AU5073 half title 9/6/05 12:34 PM Page 1
A Practical Guide to
Information
Systems
Strategic
Planning
Second Edition
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AU5073 title page 9/6/05 12:32 PM Page 1
A Practical Guide to
Information
Systems
Strategic
Planning
Second Edition
By
Anita Cassidy
Boca Raton New York
Published in 2006 by
Auerbach Publications
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Auerbach is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8493-5073-5 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-5073-3 (Hardcover)
Library of Congress Card Number 2005050533
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cassidy, Anita.
A practical guide to information systems strategic planning / Anita Cassidy.– 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-5073-5 (alk. paper)
1. Information technology–Management–Planning. 2. Strategic planning. I. Title.
HD30.2.C395 2005
658.4’038–dc22
2005050533
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
Taylor & Francis Group
is the Academic Division of T&F Informa plc.
and the Auerbach Publications Web site at
http://www.auerbach-publications.com
Contents
Pr eface ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… xi
Acknowledgments …………………………………………………………………………………. xv
About the Author …………………………………………………………………………………. xvii
1 Purpose of Infor mation Systems Strategic Planning
……………. 1
Benefits of IS Planning…………………………………………………………………………. 4
Effective Management of an Expensive and Critical Asset to the
Organization ……………………………………………………………………………………. 5
Improving Communication and the Relationship between the
Business and IS Organization …………………………………………………………… 6
Aligning the IS Direction and Priorities to the Business Direction
and Priorities …………………………………………………………………………………… 7
Operational Excellence ………………………………………………………………. 10
Customer Intimacy …………………………………………………………………….. 11
Product Leadership ……………………………………………………………………. 12
Identifying Opportunities to Use Technology for a Competitive
Advantage and Increase the Value to the Business………………………….. 14
Planning the Flow of Information and Processes…………………………….. 15
Efficiently and Effectively Allocating IS Resources …………………………… 16
Reducing the Effort and Money Required Throughout the Life
Cycle of Systems ……………………………………………………………………………. 17
Planning Approach …………………………………………………………………………….. 19
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
Notes for My IS Strategic Planning Project…………………………………………… 22
References………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
2 IS Governance …………………………………………………………………..
23
Definition of Governance……………………………………………………………………. 23
Importance of Governance …………………………………………………………………. 24
Approaches to Governance ………………………………………………………………… 27
Involvement of the Organization…………………………………………………………. 29
Executive Management……………………………………………………………………….. 30
v
vi A Practical Guide to Information Systems Strategic Planning
IS Steering Committee ………………………………………………………………………… 31
CIO……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 34
IS Organization…………………………………………………………………………………… 35
Implementation Team…………………………………………………………………………. 36
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………. 37
Notes for My IS Strategic Planning Project…………………………………………… 38
References………………………………………………………………………………………….. 38
3 The Planning Pr ocess ……………………………………………………….
39
Planning Components…………………………………………………………………………. 39
Planning Process ………………………………………………………………………………… 41
Phase 1: Visioning………………………………………………………………………….. 41
Phase 2: Analysis……………………………………………………………………………. 44
Phase 3: Direction………………………………………………………………………….. 44
Phase 4: Recommendation ……………………………………………………………… 46
Plan Contents …………………………………………………………………………………….. 47
Plan Development ……………………………………………………………………………… 48
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………. 51
Notes for My IS Strategic Planning Project…………………………………………… 51
4 The Visioning Phase ………………………………………………………….
53
Initiate and Manage the Project…………………………………………………………… 53
Finalize Objectives, Goals, and Scope …………………………………………….. 54
Scope………………………………………………………………………………………… 59
Identify Resources, Roles, and Responsibilities; Interview
Participants…………………………………………………………………………………….. 63
Confirm Deliverables and Work Plan………………………………………………. 65
Draft Deliverable Templates……………………………………………………………. 65
Announce the Project; Conduct Project Orientation…………………………. 65
Establish Ongoing Project Governance, Communications,
and Status Report …………………………………………………………………………… 66
Review and Confirm Project Plan (Milestone) …………………………………. 66
Understand the Business Situation and Vision……………………………………… 67
Review Business Documentation…………………………………………………….. 68
Develop Business Interview Questions, Surveys, and Workshop
Structure ………………………………………………………………………………………… 70
Surveys ……………………………………………………………………………………… 72
Schedule Business Interviews and Workshops…………………………………. 79
Conduct Business Interviews, Workshops, and Surveys……………………. 80
Document Business Interviews, Workshops, and Surveys ………………… 80
Review and Confirm Business Input……………………………………………….. 81
Document and Confirm the Business Analysis …………………………………….. 81
Document Current Business Description, Vision, Values, Goals,
Strategies, Direction, Operating Vision, Business Projects, and
Initiatives……………………………………………………………………………………….. 81
Business Operating Vision………………………………………………………….. 82
Contents vii
Global Requirements………………………………………………………………….. 84
Document Industry Business Trends, Business, and Customer
Requirements …………………………………………………………………………………. 87
Environmental Business Requirements………………………………………… 87
External Business Requirements …………………………………………………. 88
Value Chain Analysis………………………………………………………………….. 90
Business Measures……………………………………………………………………… 91
Business Processes …………………………………………………………………….. 94
Business Requirements ……………………………………………………………………… 100
Document Business Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,
and Threats………………………………………………………………………………….. 101
Document Business Impact on IS …………………………………………………. 102
Review and Confirm Business Situation Understanding………………….. 119
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 119
Notes for My IS Strategic Planning Project…………………………………………. 120
5 The Analysis Phase ………………………………………………………….
121
Understanding the Current IS Situation ……………………………………………… 121
Review IS Documentation …………………………………………………………….. 121
Develop IS Interview Questions, Surveys, and Workshop
Structure ………………………………………………………………………………………. 130
Surveys ……………………………………………………………………………………. 132
Schedule IS Interviews and Workshops…………………………………………. 135
Conduct IS Interviews, Workshops, and Surveys……………………………. 135
Document IS Interviews, Workshops, and Surveys ………………………… 136
Document the Current IS Situation ……………………………………………….. 136
Business Application Environment ……………………………………………. 138
Desktop Environment ………………………………………………………………. 144
Server Environment………………………………………………………………….. 153
Network Environment………………………………………………………………. 160
Telecommunications Environment …………………………………………….. 160
Data Center Environment …………………………………………………………. 161
IS Organization………………………………………………………………………… 162
Project Workload (Current and Backlog) …………………………………… 167
Processes…………………………………………………………………………………. 173
Budget and Metrics ………………………………………………………………….. 178
Review and Confirm IS Situation…………………………………………………… 178
Analyzing the Current IS Situation …………………………………………………….. 178
Conduct Industry Benchmarking …………………………………………………… 179
Identify IS Industry Trends and Competitor Profiles ………………………. 179
Competitor Profiles ………………………………………………………………….. 185
Review Information Needs and Data Context Model ……………………… 186
Review Business Processes and Use of Applications ……………………… 187
Identify High-Level Functional Requirements and Gaps …………………. 187
Business Requirements Analysis ……………………………………………….. 187
Business Operating Vision Analysis…………………………………………… 191
viii A Practical Guide to Information Systems Strategic Planning
Environmental Business Requirements Analysis…………………………. 193
External Business Requirements Analysis ………………………………….. 194
Business Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
Analysis …………………………………………………………………………………… 194
Develop IS Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
(SWOT), Risks, Technology Opportunities, Business Enablers………… 194
Develop IS Assessment Scorecards; Rate with Team ……………………… 203
Review and Confirm IS Analysis …………………………………………………… 214
Developing Recommendations and Solution Alternatives……………………. 214
Develop Business Application Options and Recommendations ………. 214
Develop Infrastructure Options and Recommendations………………….. 215
Develop Organizational Options and Recommendations………………… 216
Develop IS Process Options and Recommendations………………………. 217
Review and Confirm Recommendations ………………………………………… 218
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 218
Notes for My IS Strategic Planning Project…………………………………………. 219
References………………………………………………………………………………………… 220
6 The Direction Phase ………………………………………………………..
221
Developing the IS Vision and Direction…………………………………………….. 222
Developing the IS Vision and Mission…………………………………………… 222
Vision ……………………………………………………………………………………… 224
Mission ……………………………………………………………………………………. 227
Values ……………………………………………………………………………………… 230
Develop the IS Goals and Strategies……………………………………………… 230
Goals ………………………………………………………………………………………. 230
Strategies …………………………………………………………………………………. 235
Determine the IS Balanced Scorecard and Metrics…………………………. 245
Review and Confirm the IS Vision and Direction ………………………….. 249
Developing the IS Plan …………………………………………………………………….. 249
Develop the Business Application Direction………………………………….. 249
Information Architecture…………………………………………………………… 259
Develop the E-Business Direction…………………………………………………. 260
Develop the Technical Infrastructure Direction ……………………………… 266
Develop the Organizational Direction …………………………………………… 272
Develop IS Process Direction ……………………….. …
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