Education question
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I need a 250-300 word response with 2-3 references.
Review the Comprehensible Input presentation.
This presentation discusses aspects of content areas that are difficult for ELLs along with
strategies and techniques for presenting content information in ways that students can
comprehend.
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What strategies do you already use and which could you implement in your next
lessons?
Comprehensible
Input
Appropriate Speech
• Rate and enunciation
o How the teacher speaks
• Complexity of speech
o What the teacher says
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Vocabulary
Enunciation
Sentence structure
Idioms
Cognates
Explanation of Academic Tasks
• Step by step instructions – no more than 3 steps
• Visual representation or demonstration
• Expectable/repeated process or steps
Use of Techniques
“
Actual teaching techniques have a greater
impact on student achievement than just
having a lot of pictures illustrating content
concepts.”
(Echevarría, Vogt & Short, 2013)
Types of Techniques
• Inside the content
o Appropriate materials
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Appropriate text
High-interest/low-ability reading material
Highlighted textbooks
Trade books and literature
Video-based information
Simplify vocabulary
Shorten assignments and tests
Use strategies which cause the brain to work
Graphic organizers
Semantic maps
Types of Techniques
• Outside the Content
o Teacher behavior
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Hands-on
Visuals
Modeling
Demonstrations
Gestures
Body language
Focus on essential learning
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Focus on concrete first, then abstract
Use pauses in between phrases
Give extra time for oral answers
Use an overhead projector
Write directions on the board, and
give them orally
Allow for more time for assignments
o Student interaction
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Cooperative learning
Peer tutoring
Discovery learning
Semantic mapping
Representational illustrations, games
Group assignments
Reading Content Area Textbooks
• Highlight text to narrow material to essential components
• Identify textbook structure
• Text preview and picture walks
• Marginal notes
• Taped texts
• Use out-of-level textbooks, trade books or magazine-type material
• Pre-teach vocabulary
• Create leveled study guides
• Reinforce key concepts
• Use teacher created graphic organizers or outlines for key ideas
• Jigsaw text reading
Comprehensible Input is Critical
Comprehensible input may be the most
important component in modifying a lesson for
ELL students. If students do not understand
what they are hearing, reading or writing, they
do not have the opportunity to learn.
Effective Teachers:
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Constantly modulate and adjust speech to ensure that
the content is comprehensible.
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Use a variety of techniques, including modeling,
gestures, hands-on activities, and demonstrations, so
that students understand and learn the content
material.
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Provide explanations of academic tasks in ways that
not only clearly state what students are expected to
accomplish, but also promote student success.
Effective Teachers:
Use a variety of techniques, including modeling,
gestures, hands-on activities, and
demonstrations, so that students understand
and learn the content material.
Effective Teachers:
Provide explanations of academic tasks in ways
that not only clearly state what students are
expected to accomplish, but also promote
student success.
References
Echevarría, J., Vogt, M. E., & Short, D. J. (2013). Making content
comprehensible for English language learners: the SIOP®
Model (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Kelley, K. D, & Noble, C. C.. (2010). Comprehensible input
[PowerPoint slides]. From Sheltered English Instruction
Workshop. Flagstaff, AZ.
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